{"id":97002,"date":"2024-10-20T14:10:17","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T06:10:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/97002\/"},"modified":"2024-10-20T14:10:18","modified_gmt":"2024-10-20T06:10:18","slug":"python%e7%9a%84%e9%96%8b%e6%ba%90orm%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%ef%bc%9asqlalchemy%ef%bc%8c%e8%ae%93%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%e5%ba%ab%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e6%9b%b4%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e3%80%81%e6%9b%b4%e7%9b%b4%e8%a7%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/97002\/","title":{"rendered":"Python\u7684\u958b\u6e90ORM\u6846\u67b6\uff1aSQLAlchemy\uff0c\u8b93\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u76f4\u89c0\uff01 (sqlachemy \u9023\u63a5\u6578\u64da\u5eab)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"python%e7%9a%84%e9%96%8b%e6%ba%90orm%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%ef%bc%9asqlalchemy%ef%bc%8c%e8%ae%93%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%e5%ba%ab%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e6%9b%b4%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e3%80%81%e6%9b%b4%e7%9b%b4%e8%a7%80-XWBCUvHFXy\">Python\u7684\u958b\u6e90ORM\u6846\u67b6\uff1aSQLAlchemy\uff0c\u8b93\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u64cd\u4f5c\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u76f4\u89c0\uff01<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u8edf\u4ef6\u958b\u767c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u96a8\u8457Python\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u5011\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u64cd\u4f5c\u5de5\u5177\u3002SQLAlchemy\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u958b\u6e90\u7684ORM\uff08\u5c0d\u8c61\u95dc\u4fc2\u6620\u5c04\uff09\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8207\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0eSQLAlchemy\u7684\u7279\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u5982\u4f55\u7c21\u5316\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e6%98%afsqlalchemy%ef%bc%9f-XWBCUvHFXy\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662fSQLAlchemy\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u500bPython SQL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548cORM\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u9748\u6d3b\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u5c07\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u64cd\u4f5c\u8207Python\u5c0d\u8c61\u9032\u884c\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u8b93\u958b\u767c\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u4ee5\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u76f4\u63a5\u7de8\u5bebSQL\u8a9e\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"sqlalchemy%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%bb%e8%a6%81%e7%89%b9%e6%80%a7-XWBCUvHFXy\">SQLAlchemy\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u6027<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>SQLAlchemy\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7a2e\u6578\u64da\u5eab\uff0c\u5305\u62ecMySQL\u3001PostgreSQL\u3001SQLite\u7b49\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u9b06\u5207\u63db\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u67e5\u8a62\u751f\u6210\u5668\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u52d5\u751f\u6210\u512a\u5316\u7684SQL\u8a9e\u53e5\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6613\u7528\u6027\uff1a<\/strong>\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u8c61\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u76f4\u89c0\u5730\u9032\u884c\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e86\u5b78\u7fd2\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u793e\u5340\u652f\u6301\uff1a<\/strong>\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u958b\u6e90\u9805\u76ee\uff0cSQLAlchemy\u64c1\u6709\u6d3b\u8e8d\u7684\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u6587\u6a94\u548c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8sqlalchemy%e9%80%a3%e6%8e%a5%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%e5%ba%ab-XWBCUvHFXy\">\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u9023\u63a5\u6578\u64da\u5eab<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u9023\u63a5\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u76f8\u5c0d\u7c21\u55ae\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"1-%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%9dsqlalchemy-XWBCUvHFXy\">1. \u5b89\u88ddSQLAlchemy<\/h3>\n<pre><code>pip install SQLAlchemy<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"2-%e5%89%b5%e5%bb%ba%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%e5%ba%ab%e5%bc%95%e6%93%8e-XWBCUvHFXy\">2. \u5275\u5efa\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce<\/h3>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5275\u5efa\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u8207\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u9023\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>from sqlalchemy import create_engine\n\n# \u5275\u5efa\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\nengine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db')<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"3-%e5%ae%9a%e7%be%a9%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%e6%a8%a1%e5%9e%8b-XWBCUvHFXy\">3. \u5b9a\u7fa9\u6578\u64da\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u7fa9\u6578\u64da\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5c07\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7528\u6236\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base\nfrom sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String\n\nBase = declarative_base()\n\nclass User(Base):\n    __tablename__ = 'users'\n    \n    id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)\n    name = Column(String)\n    age = Column(Integer)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"4-%e5%89%b5%e5%bb%ba%e8%a1%a8-XWBCUvHFXy\">4. \u5275\u5efa\u8868<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5275\u5efa\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>Base.metadata.create_all(engine)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"5-%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a-XWBCUvHFXy\">5. \u64cd\u4f5c\u6578\u64da<\/h3>\n<p>\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Session\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6578\u64da\u7684\u589e\u522a\u6539\u67e5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker\n\n# \u5275\u5efaSession\nSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)\nsession = Session()\n\n# \u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7528\u6236\nnew_user = User(name='Alice', age=30)\nsession.add(new_user)\nsession.commit()\n\n# \u67e5\u8a62\u7528\u6236\nusers = session.query(User).all()\nfor user in users:\n    print(user.name, user.age)<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-XWBCUvHFXy\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>SQLAlchemy\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u958b\u6e90ORM\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u70baPython\u958b\u767c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u6578\u64da\u67e5\u8a62\u9084\u662f\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6578\u64da\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cSQLAlchemy\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u8f15\u9b06\u61c9\u5c0d\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u9700\u8981\u7a69\u5b9a\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u958b\u767c\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u5408\u9069\u7684\u4e3b\u6a5f\u74b0\u5883\u4e5f\u662f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528<a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u9999\u6e2fVPS<\/a>\u4f86\u90e8\u7f72\u60a8\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a2\u7d22SQLAlchemy\uff0cPython\u7684\u958b\u6e90ORM\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u64cd\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u8207\u76f4\u89c0\u6027\uff0c\u7c21\u5316\u6578\u64da\u7ba1\u7406\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97002","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97002","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=97002"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97002\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":97003,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/97002\/revisions\/97003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97002"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=97002"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=97002"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}