{"id":52615,"date":"2024-10-09T04:15:14","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T20:15:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/52615\/"},"modified":"2024-11-14T10:38:12","modified_gmt":"2024-11-14T02:38:12","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bf%9d%e8%ad%b7-ubuntu-16-04-%e4%b8%8a%e7%9a%84-nginx-web-%e4%bc%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%99%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/52615\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8b77 Ubuntu 16.04 \u4e0a\u7684 NGINX Web \u4f3a\u670d\u5668"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bf%9d%e8%ad%b7-ubuntu-16-04-%e4%b8%8a%e7%9a%84-nginx-web-%e4%bc%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%99%a8-owFNflLSog\">\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8b77 Ubuntu 16.04 \u4e0a\u7684 NGINX Web \u4f3a\u670d\u5668<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u7db2\u7ad9\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8b8a\u5f97\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002NGINX \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 Web \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u7db2\u7ad9\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u5982\u4f55\u5728 Ubuntu 16.04 \u4e0a\u4fdd\u8b77 NGINX Web \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1-%e6%9b%b4%e6%96%b0%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1%e5%92%8c-nginx-owFNflLSog\">1. \u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c NGINX<\/h2>\n<p>\u4fdd\u6301\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c NGINX \u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fee\u88dc\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f86\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt update\nsudo apt upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8981\u66f4\u65b0 NGINX\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt install nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"2-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e9%98%b2%e7%81%ab%e7%89%86-owFNflLSog\">2. \u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u7246<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u7246\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u3002Ubuntu 16.04 \u9810\u8a2d\u4f7f\u7528 UFW\uff08Uncomplicated Firewall\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f86\u555f\u7528 UFW \u4e26\u5141\u8a31 HTTP \u548c HTTPS \u6d41\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'\nsudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0880 \u548c 443\uff09\u5c0d\u5916\u958b\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"3-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-ssl-tls-%e5%8a%a0%e5%af%86-owFNflLSog\">3. \u4f7f\u7528 SSL\/TLS \u52a0\u5bc6<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u6578\u64da\u50b3\u8f38\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u4f7f\u7528 SSL\/TLS \u52a0\u5bc6\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Let&#8217;s Encrypt \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u514d\u8cbb SSL \u8b49\u66f8\u3002\u5b89\u88dd Certbot \u5de5\u5177\u5f8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7372\u53d6\u8b49\u66f8\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx\nsudo certbot --nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52d5\u914d\u7f6e NGINX \u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 SSL\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"4-%e9%99%90%e5%88%b6%e8%a8%aa%e5%95%8f%e6%ac%8a%e9%99%90-owFNflLSog\">4. \u9650\u5236\u8a2a\u554f\u6b0a\u9650<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u5c0d NGINX \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u7db2\u7ad9\u6839\u76ee\u9304\u7684\u8a2a\u554f\u6b0a\u9650\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f86\u8a2d\u7f6e\u9069\u7576\u7684\u6b0a\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/html\nsudo chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/html<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7528\u6236\u64c1\u6709\u8a2a\u554f\u6b0a\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"5-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae-nginx-%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%80%a7%e9%81%b8%e9%a0%85-owFNflLSog\">5. \u914d\u7f6e NGINX \u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9078\u9805<\/h2>\n<p>NGINX \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9078\u9805\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5f37\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684 HTTP \u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/li>\n<pre><code>server {\n        ...\n        if ($request_method !~ ^(GET|POST)$ ) {\n            return 444;\n        }\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n<li>\u96b1\u85cf NGINX \u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/li>\n<pre><code>server {\n        ...\n        server_tokens off;\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n<li>\u9650\u5236\u8acb\u6c42\u901f\u7387\uff1a<\/li>\n<pre><code>http {\n        ...\n        limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r\/s;\n    }<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"6-%e5%ae%9a%e6%9c%9f%e5%82%99%e4%bb%bd-owFNflLSog\">6. \u5b9a\u671f\u5099\u4efd<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b9a\u671f\u5099\u4efd\u7db2\u7ad9\u6578\u64da\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u6578\u64da\u4e1f\u5931\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f86\u5099\u4efd NGINX \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo cp -r \/etc\/nginx \/etc\/nginx.bak<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u61c9\u5b9a\u671f\u5099\u4efd\u7db2\u7ad9\u5167\u5bb9\u548c\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"7-%e7%9b%a3%e6%8e%a7%e4%bc%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%99%a8%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%8c-owFNflLSog\">7. \u76e3\u63a7\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u65e5\u8a8c<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b9a\u671f\u6aa2\u67e5 NGINX \u7684\u8a2a\u554f\u65e5\u8a8c\u548c\u932f\u8aa4\u65e5\u8a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u53ca\u6642\u767c\u73fe\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u554f\u984c\u3002\u65e5\u8a8c\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u4f4d\u65bc \/var\/log\/nginx\/ \u76ee\u9304\u4e0b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u8a8c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log\nsudo tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-owFNflLSog\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>\u4fdd\u8b77 Ubuntu 16.04 \u4e0a\u7684 NGINX Web \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u9700\u8981\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7cfb\u7d71\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u9632\u706b\u7246\u914d\u7f6e\u3001SSL \u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u8a2a\u554f\u6b0a\u9650\u9650\u5236\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9078\u9805\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u5099\u4efd\u548c\u65e5\u8a8c\u76e3\u63a7\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u95dc <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u9999\u6e2f VPS<\/a> \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u8acb\u8a2a\u554f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u5728 Ubuntu 16.04 \u4e0a\u4fdd\u8b77 NGINX Web \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u589e\u5f37\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u7db2\u7ad9\u7a69\u5b9a\u904b\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52615","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52615","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=52615"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52615\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52616,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52615\/revisions\/52616"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52615"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=52615"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=52615"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}