{"id":50967,"date":"2024-10-08T15:03:17","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T07:03:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/50967\/"},"modified":"2024-10-08T15:03:17","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T07:03:17","slug":"nginx-%e6%96%b0%e6%89%8b%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9a%e6%b7%bb%e5%8a%a0%e9%a1%8d%e5%a4%96%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e9%a0%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/50967\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx \u65b0\u624b\u6559\u7a0b\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u984d\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u982d"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"nginx-%e6%96%b0%e6%89%8b%e6%95%99%e7%a8%8b%ef%bc%9a%e6%b7%bb%e5%8a%a0%e9%a1%8d%e5%a4%96%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e9%a0%ad-NRTizODFZp\">Nginx \u65b0\u624b\u6559\u7a0b\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u984d\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u982d<\/h1>\n<p>Nginx \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u7db2\u7ad9\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u7db2\u8def\u5b89\u5168\u554f\u984c\u65e5\u76ca\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u7db2\u7ad9\u53ca\u5176\u7528\u6236\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u984d\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u982d\uff08Security Headers\uff09\u8b8a\u5f97\u5c24\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u4ecb\u7d39\u5982\u4f55\u5728 Nginx \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u9019\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u982d\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u5f37\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e6%98%af%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e9%a0%ad%ef%bc%9f-NRTizODFZp\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u982d\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b89\u5168\u982d\u662f HTTP \u97ff\u61c9\u982d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5e6b\u52a9\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u548c\u7528\u6236\u7aef\u9632\u7bc4\u5404\u7a2e\u7db2\u8def\u653b\u64ca\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u982d\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u52a0\u8f09\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u984d\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u982d\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>Content-Security-Policy<\/code> (CSP)<\/li>\n<li><code>X-Content-Type-Options<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>X-Frame-Options<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>X-XSS-Protection<\/code><\/li>\n<li><code>Strict-Transport-Security<\/code> (HSTS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8-nginx-%e4%b8%ad%e6%b7%bb%e5%8a%a0%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e9%a0%ad-NRTizODFZp\">\u5982\u4f55\u5728 Nginx \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u982d<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728 Nginx \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\u982d\u76f8\u5c0d\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u982d\u53ca\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"1-content-security-policy-NRTizODFZp\">1. Content-Security-Policy<\/h3>\n<p>CSP \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u9632\u7bc4 XSS \u653b\u64ca\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728 Nginx \u4e2d\u8a2d\u7f6e CSP \u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>add_header Content-Security-Policy \"default-src 'self'; img-src 'self' data:; script-src 'self' https:\/\/trustedscripts.example.com;\" always;<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"2-x-content-type-options-NRTizODFZp\">2. X-Content-Type-Options<\/h3>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u982d\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u700f\u89bd\u5668 MIME \u985e\u578b\u55c5\u63a2\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8a2d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>add_header X-Content-Type-Options \"nosniff\" always;<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"3-x-frame-options-NRTizODFZp\">3. X-Frame-Options<\/h3>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u982d\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7db2\u7ad9\u88ab\u5d4c\u5165\u5230 iframe \u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u9632\u6b62\u9ede\u64ca\u52ab\u6301\u653b\u64ca\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8a2d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>add_header X-Frame-Options \"DENY\" always;<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"4-x-xss-protection-NRTizODFZp\">4. X-XSS-Protection<\/h3>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u982d\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u555f\u7528\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u7684 XSS \u9632\u8b77\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8a2d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>add_header X-XSS-Protection \"1; mode=block\" always;<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"5-strict-transport-security-NRTizODFZp\">5. Strict-Transport-Security<\/h3>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u982d\u90e8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u5236\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u4f7f\u7528 HTTPS \u9023\u63a5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8a2d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>add_header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains\" always;<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e7%9a%84%e4%bf%ae%e6%94%b9-NRTizODFZp\">\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4fee\u6539<\/h2>\n<p>\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u9019\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u982d\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u7de8\u8f2f Nginx \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u65bc <code>\/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf<\/code> \u6216\u8005 <code>\/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/default<\/code>\u3002\u5728 server \u5340\u584a\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684 <code>add_header<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u4fdd\u5b58\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e9%87%8d%e5%95%9f-nginx-NRTizODFZp\">\u91cd\u555f Nginx<\/h2>\n<p>\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5f8c\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u555f Nginx \u4ee5\u4f7f\u66f4\u6539\u751f\u6548\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo systemctl restart nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"%e6%b8%ac%e8%a9%a6%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e9%a0%ad-NRTizODFZp\">\u6e2c\u8a66\u5b89\u5168\u982d<\/h2>\n<p>\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u700f\u89bd\u5668\u7684\u958b\u767c\u8005\u5de5\u5177\u6216\u7dda\u4e0a\u5de5\u5177\u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u60a8\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u78ba\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u982d\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u52a0\u5f37\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-NRTizODFZp\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728 Nginx \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u984d\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u982d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u800c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u589e\u5f37\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u901a\u904e\u6b63\u78ba\u914d\u7f6e\u9019\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u982d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u9632\u7bc4\u5404\u7a2e\u7db2\u8def\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u7528\u6236\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u82e5\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u95dc <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u9999\u6e2f VPS<\/a> \u53ca\u5176\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u8acb\u8a2a\u554f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u5728 Nginx \u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u984d\u5916\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u982d\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7db2\u7ad9\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u7528\u6236\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u7c21\u55ae\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u65b0\u624b\u6559\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50967"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50968,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50967\/revisions\/50968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}