{"id":50577,"date":"2024-10-08T12:13:15","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T04:13:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/50577\/"},"modified":"2024-10-08T12:13:15","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T04:13:15","slug":"nginx-%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5%ef%bc%9a%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%a4%9a%e5%b1%a4%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/50577\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx \u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5c64\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"nginx-%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5%ef%bc%9a%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%a4%9a%e5%b1%a4%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95-TGiKGlCLHD\">Nginx \u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u5c64\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h1>\n<p>Nginx \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u7db2\u7ad9\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u7db2\u8def\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd Nginx \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8b8a\u5f97\u5c24\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u591a\u5c64\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77 Nginx \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u514d\u53d7\u6f5b\u5728\u5a01\u8105\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1-%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae-TGiKGlCLHD\">1. \u57fa\u672c\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u90e8\u7f72 Nginx \u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u9032\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u9019\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u66f4\u65b0 Nginx \u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/strong>\u59cb\u7d42\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684 Nginx\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u64c1\u6709\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4fee\u88dc\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9650\u5236\u8a2a\u554f\u6b0a\u9650\uff1a<\/strong>\u901a\u904e\u8a2d\u7f6e\u9069\u7576\u7684\u6a94\u6848\u548c\u76ee\u9304\u6b0a\u9650\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8a2a\u554f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\uff1a<\/strong>\u79fb\u9664\u6216\u7981\u7528\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u7d44\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u9762\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"2-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e9%98%b2%e7%81%ab%e7%89%86-TGiKGlCLHD\">2. \u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u7246<\/h2>\n<p>\u9632\u706b\u7246\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 iptables \u6216 UFW \u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u4f86\u8a2d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u7246\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 iptables \u9650\u5236 HTTP \u548c HTTPS \u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT\niptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT\niptables -A INPUT -j DROP<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"3-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae-ssl-tls-TGiKGlCLHD\">3. \u914d\u7f6e SSL\/TLS<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 SSL\/TLS \u52a0\u5bc6\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u6578\u64da\u5728\u50b3\u8f38\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e Let&#8217;s Encrypt \u7372\u53d6\u514d\u8cbb\u7684 SSL \u8b49\u66f8\uff0c\u4e26\u5728 Nginx \u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>server {\n    listen 443 ssl;\n    server_name example.com;\n\n    ssl_certificate \/path\/to\/fullchain.pem;\n    ssl_certificate_key \/path\/to\/privkey.pem;\n\n    location \/ {\n        root \/var\/www\/html;\n        index index.html index.htm;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"4-%e9%98%b2%e6%ad%a2-ddos-%e6%94%bb%e6%93%8a-TGiKGlCLHD\">4. \u9632\u6b62 DDoS \u653b\u64ca<\/h2>\n<p>DDoS \u653b\u64ca\u662f\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7db2\u8def\u5a01\u8105\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e Nginx \u7684 rate limiting \u529f\u80fd\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u6b64\u985e\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>http {\n    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=one:10m rate=1r\/s;\n\n    server {\n        location \/ {\n            limit_req zone=one burst=5;\n            ...\n        }\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"5-%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%8c%e7%9b%a3%e6%8e%a7-TGiKGlCLHD\">5. \u65e5\u8a8c\u76e3\u63a7<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b9a\u671f\u6aa2\u67e5 Nginx \u7684\u8a2a\u554f\u65e5\u8a8c\u548c\u932f\u8aa4\u65e5\u8a8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e9\u767c\u73fe\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u554f\u984c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982 Fail2Ban \u4f86\u81ea\u52d5\u5c01\u9396\u53ef\u7591\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"6-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%a8%99%e9%a0%ad-TGiKGlCLHD\">6. \u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u6a19\u982d<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u904e\u8a2d\u7f6e HTTP \u5b89\u5168\u6a19\u982d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5f37\u7db2\u7ad9\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6a19\u982d\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;\nadd_header X-Frame-Options DENY;\nadd_header X-XSS-Protection \"1; mode=block\";<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"7-%e5%ae%9a%e6%9c%9f%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e5%af%a9%e8%a8%88-TGiKGlCLHD\">7. \u5b9a\u671f\u5b89\u5168\u5be9\u8a08<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b9a\u671f\u9032\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u5be9\u8a08\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u767c\u73fe\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982 Lynis \u6216 OpenVAS \u9032\u884c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6383\u63cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-TGiKGlCLHD\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u904e\u5be6\u65bd\u591a\u5c64\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8 Nginx \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5f9e\u57fa\u672c\u914d\u7f6e\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u7246\u3001SSL\/TLS \u52a0\u5bc6\u3001DDoS \u9632\u8b77\u3001\u65e5\u8a8c\u76e3\u63a7\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u6a19\u982d\u8a2d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c64\u90fd\u80fd\u70ba\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u984d\u5916\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u7528\u6236\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u5408\u9069\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">VPS<\/a> \u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u9999\u6e2f\u4f3a\u670d\u5668<\/a> \u9084\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u90fd\u662f\u6bcf\u4f4d\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a2\u7d22 Nginx \u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u904e\u591a\u5c64\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u6cd5\u52a0\u5f37\u7db2\u7ad9\u9632\u8b77\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u6578\u64da\u5b89\u5168\u8207\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50577","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50577"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50577\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50578,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50577\/revisions\/50578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}