{"id":50545,"date":"2024-10-08T11:59:14","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T03:59:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/50545\/"},"modified":"2024-10-08T11:59:14","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T03:59:14","slug":"nginx-%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5%ef%bc%9a%e5%8a%a0%e5%9b%ba%e5%ba%95%e5%b1%a4%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/50545\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx \u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u52a0\u56fa\u5e95\u5c64\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"nginx-%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5%ef%bc%9a%e5%8a%a0%e5%9b%ba%e5%ba%95%e5%b1%a4%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1-EHClxwcsPd\">Nginx \u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u52a0\u56fa\u5e95\u5c64\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71<\/h1>\n<p>Nginx \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u7db2\u7ad9\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u7db2\u8def\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u8105\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd Nginx \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8b8a\u5f97\u5c24\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u904e\u52a0\u56fa\u5e95\u5c64\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f86\u63d0\u5347 Nginx \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u548c\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1-%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1%e7%9a%84%e9%81%b8%e6%93%87-EHClxwcsPd\">1. \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u9078\u64c7<\/h2>\n<p>\u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u500b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u662f\u52a0\u56fa Nginx \u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u9078\u64c7\u4f7f\u7528 Linux \u767c\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u5982 Ubuntu\u3001CentOS \u6216 Debian\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7d71\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u793e\u7fa4\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u53ca\u6642\u4fee\u88dc\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"2-%e5%ae%9a%e6%9c%9f%e6%9b%b4%e6%96%b0%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1-EHClxwcsPd\">2. \u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7d71<\/h2>\n<p>\u4fdd\u6301\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c Nginx \u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u57f7\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt upgrade  # Ubuntu\/Debian\nsudo yum update                        # CentOS<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u88dc\u4e01\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u90fd\u5df2\u5b89\u88dd\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u88ab\u653b\u64ca\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"3-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e9%98%b2%e7%81%ab%e7%89%86-EHClxwcsPd\">3. \u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u7246<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u9632\u706b\u7246\u4f86\u9650\u5236\u5c0d Nginx \u7684\u8a2a\u554f\u662f\u52a0\u56fa\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 iptables \u6216 ufw \u4f86\u8a2d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u7246\u898f\u5247\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 ufw \u4f86\u5141\u8a31 HTTP \u548c HTTPS \u6d41\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo ufw allow 'Nginx Full'<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u80fd\u5920\u9032\u5165\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u653b\u64ca\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"4-%e9%99%90%e5%88%b6%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b6%e6%ac%8a%e9%99%90-EHClxwcsPd\">4. \u9650\u5236\u7528\u6236\u6b0a\u9650<\/h2>\n<p>\u78ba\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7528\u6236\u64c1\u6709\u5c0d Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u65e5\u8a8c\u7684\u8a2a\u554f\u6b0a\u9650\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f86\u8a2d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6b0a\u9650\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/etc\/nginx\nsudo chmod -R 750 \/etc\/nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u7d93\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u7528\u6236\u8a2a\u554f\u654f\u611f\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"5-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-ssl-tls-%e5%8a%a0%e5%af%86-EHClxwcsPd\">5. \u4f7f\u7528 SSL\/TLS \u52a0\u5bc6<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u6578\u64da\u50b3\u8f38\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u70ba Nginx \u914d\u7f6e SSL\/TLS\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Let&#8217;s Encrypt \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u514d\u8cbb\u8b49\u66f8\u4f86\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u5b89\u88dd Certbot \u4e26\u57f7\u884c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx\nsudo certbot --nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52d5\u914d\u7f6e SSL\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u6d41\u91cf\u90fd\u7d93\u904e\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"6-%e7%9b%a3%e6%8e%a7%e5%92%8c%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%8c%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86-EHClxwcsPd\">6. \u76e3\u63a7\u548c\u65e5\u8a8c\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n<p>\u5b9a\u671f\u6aa2\u67e5 Nginx \u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u53ca\u65e9\u767c\u73fe\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u554f\u984c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u67e5\u770b\u8a2a\u554f\u65e5\u8a8c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>tail -f \/var\/log\/nginx\/access.log<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982 Fail2ban \u4f86\u81ea\u52d5\u5c01\u9396\u53ef\u7591\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5f37\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"7-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e6%a8%99%e9%a0%ad-EHClxwcsPd\">7. \u914d\u7f6e\u5b89\u5168\u6a19\u982d<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u904e\u914d\u7f6e HTTP \u5b89\u5168\u6a19\u982d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5f37 Nginx \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u6a19\u982d\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;\nadd_header X-Frame-Options DENY;\nadd_header X-XSS-Protection \"1; mode=block\";<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u4e9b\u6a19\u982d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u9632\u6b62\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u653b\u64ca\uff0c\u5982\u8de8\u7ad9\u8173\u672c\u653b\u64ca\uff08XSS\uff09\u548c\u9ede\u64ca\u52ab\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-EHClxwcsPd\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>\u52a0\u56fa Nginx \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u9700\u8981\u5f9e\u5e95\u5c64\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u9078\u64c7\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u7246\u3001\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6236\u6b0a\u9650\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 SSL\/TLS \u52a0\u5bc6\u3001\u76e3\u63a7\u65e5\u8a8c\u4ee5\u53ca\u914d\u7f6e\u5b89\u5168\u6a19\u982d\u7b49\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u9032\u884c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u98a8\u96aa\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u904b\u884c\u3002\u82e5\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u95dc <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u9999\u6e2f VPS<\/a> \u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u8acb\u8a2a\u554f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a2\u7d22Nginx\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u56fa\u5e95\u5c64\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u7db2\u7ad9\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u9632\u7bc4\u6f5b\u5728\u5a01\u8105\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50545","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50545","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50545"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50545\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50546,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50545\/revisions\/50546"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}