{"id":50008,"date":"2024-10-08T09:16:26","date_gmt":"2024-10-08T01:16:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/50008\/"},"modified":"2024-10-08T09:16:26","modified_gmt":"2024-10-08T01:16:26","slug":"nginx-%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7%ef%bc%9a%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-map-%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e9%80%b2%e8%a1%8c%e6%a2%9d%e4%bb%b6%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/50008\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx \u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 map \u6307\u4ee4\u9032\u884c\u689d\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"nginx-%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7%ef%bc%9a%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-map-%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%e9%80%b2%e8%a1%8c%e6%a2%9d%e4%bb%b6%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae-tzsiXHiQxK\">Nginx \u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 map \u6307\u4ee4\u9032\u884c\u689d\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e<\/h1>\n<p>Nginx \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u7db2\u7ad9\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9078\u9805\u4f7f\u5f97\u7528\u6236\u80fd\u5920\u6839\u64da\u9700\u6c42\u9032\u884c\u591a\u6a23\u5316\u7684\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c<code>map<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u6839\u64da\u7279\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u9032\u884c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e6%98%af-map-%e6%8c%87%e4%bb%a4%ef%bc%9f-tzsiXHiQxK\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f map \u6307\u4ee4\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p><code>map<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u5141\u8a31\u7528\u6236\u6839\u64da\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u503c\u4f86\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5176\u4ed6\u8b8a\u6578\u3002\u9019\u5728\u9700\u8981\u6839\u64da\u8acb\u6c42\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u4f86\u6539\u8b8a\u914d\u7f6e\u6642\u7279\u5225\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u7528\u6236\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001\u8acb\u6c42\u7684 URI \u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u8acb\u6c42\u982d\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e8%aa%9e%e6%b3%95-tzsiXHiQxK\">\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<pre><code>map $variable $new_variable {\n    default value;\n    condition1 value1;\n    condition2 value2;\n    ...\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u8a9e\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c<code>$variable<\/code> \u662f\u8981\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u800c <code>$new_variable<\/code> \u5247\u662f\u6839\u64da\u689d\u4ef6\u8a2d\u7f6e\u7684\u65b0\u8b8a\u6578\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u689d\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e7%af%84%e4%be%8b-tzsiXHiQxK\">\u4f7f\u7528\u7bc4\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 <code>map<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u4f86\u6839\u64da\u7528\u6236\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f8c\u7aef\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>map $remote_addr $backend {\n    192.168.1.1 backend1;\n    192.168.1.2 backend2;\n    default backend3;\n}\n\nserver {\n    location \/ {\n        proxy_pass http:\/\/$backend;\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u7528\u6236\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\uff0c\u8acb\u6c42\u5c07\u88ab\u8f49\u767c\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f8c\u7aef\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7528\u6236\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u662f <code>192.168.1.1<\/code>\uff0c\u8acb\u6c42\u5c07\u88ab\u8f49\u767c\u5230 <code>backend1<\/code>\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f <code>192.168.1.2<\/code>\uff0c\u5247\u8f49\u767c\u5230 <code>backend2<\/code>\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u6cc1\u5247\u8f49\u767c\u5230 <code>backend3<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e9%80%b2%e9%9a%8e%e6%87%89%e7%94%a8-tzsiXHiQxK\">\u9032\u968e\u61c9\u7528<\/h2>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u6839\u64da IP \u5730\u5740\u9032\u884c\u689d\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c<code>map<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u591a\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u8acb\u6c42\u7684 URI \u4f86\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7de9\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>map $request_uri $cache_key {\n    ~^\/images\/ 1;\n    ~^\/videos\/ 2;\n    default 0;\n}\n\nserver {\n    location \/ {\n        if ($cache_key) {\n            add_header X-Cache-Status \"HIT\";\n        }\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7bc4\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u8acb\u6c42\u7684 URI\uff0c\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7de9\u5b58\u9375\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8acb\u6c42\u7684 URI \u4ee5 <code>\/images\/<\/code> \u958b\u982d\uff0c\u5247 <code>$cache_key<\/code> \u7684\u503c\u70ba <code>1<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5 <code>\/videos\/<\/code> \u958b\u982d\u5247\u70ba <code>2<\/code>\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u6cc1\u5247\u70ba <code>0<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-tzsiXHiQxK\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 Nginx \u7684 <code>map<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u904e\u6839\u64da\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u8a2d\u7f6e\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u7528\u6236\u53ef\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u66f4\u7cbe\u7d30\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6eff\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u6839\u64da IP \u5730\u5740\u3001\u8acb\u6c42 URI \u9084\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u8acb\u6c42\u982d\uff0c<code>map<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u9999\u6e2f VPS<\/a> \u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0cServer.HK \u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u60a8\u8f15\u9b06\u7ba1\u7406\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7db2\u7ad9\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a2\u7d22 Nginx \u7684 map \u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u9032\u884c\u689d\u4ef6\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u512a\u5316\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50008"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50008\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50009,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50008\/revisions\/50009"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}