{"id":49802,"date":"2024-10-08T07:37:13","date_gmt":"2024-10-07T23:37:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/49802\/"},"modified":"2024-10-08T07:37:13","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T23:37:13","slug":"nginx-%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7%ef%bc%9a%e5%af%a6%e7%8f%be%e7%b2%98%e6%80%a7%e6%9c%83%e8%a9%b1%e8%88%87-ngx_http_upstream_module","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/49802\/","title":{"rendered":"Nginx \u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u5be6\u73fe\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\u8207 ngx_http_upstream_module"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"nginx-%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7%ef%bc%9a%e5%af%a6%e7%8f%be%e7%b2%98%e6%80%a7%e6%9c%83%e8%a9%b1%e8%88%87-ngx_http_upstream_module-rODjjRQZwA\">Nginx \u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u5be6\u73fe\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\u8207 ngx_http_upstream_module<\/h1>\n<p>Nginx \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u7684\u7db2\u9801\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u7b49\u5834\u666f\u3002\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u61c9\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6236\u6301\u7e8c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\uff08Sticky Sessions\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528 Nginx \u7684 <code>ngx_http_upstream_module<\/code> \u5be6\u73fe\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e6%98%af%e7%b2%98%e6%80%a7%e6%9c%83%e8%a9%b1%ef%bc%9f-rODjjRQZwA\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\u662f\u6307\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7528\u6236\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u8acb\u6c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8acb\u6c42\u90fd\u88ab\u5c0e\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5f8c\u7aef\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u3002\u9019\u5728\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u7528\u6236\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96fb\u5b50\u5546\u52d9\u7db2\u7ad9\u6216\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u82e5\u6c92\u6709\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u88ab\u96a8\u6a5f\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7528\u6236\u9ad4\u9a57\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ngx_http_upstream_module-%e7%b0%a1%e4%bb%8b-rODjjRQZwA\">ngx_http_upstream_module \u7c21\u4ecb<\/h2>\n<p><code>ngx_http_upstream_module<\/code> \u662f Nginx \u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u65bc\u914d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u6e38\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u3002\u901a\u904e\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u7d44\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u7fa9\u591a\u500b\u4e0a\u6e38\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u4e26\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u5305\u62ec\u8f2a\u8a62\u3001\u6700\u5c11\u9023\u63a5\u3001IP \u54c8\u5e0c\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e5%af%a6%e7%8f%be%e7%b2%98%e6%80%a7%e6%9c%83%e8%a9%b1%e7%9a%84%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b-rODjjRQZwA\">\u5be6\u73fe\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684 Nginx \u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528 IP \u54c8\u5e0c\u4f86\u5be6\u73fe\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>http {\n    upstream backend {\n        ip_hash;  # \u4f7f\u7528 IP \u54c8\u5e0c\u5be6\u73fe\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\n        server backend1.example.com;\n        server backend2.example.com;\n        server backend3.example.com;\n    }\n\n    server {\n        listen 80;\n        server_name example.com;\n\n        location \/ {\n            proxy_pass http:\/\/backend;  # \u5c07\u8acb\u6c42\u8f49\u767c\u5230\u4e0a\u6e38\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\n            proxy_set_header Host $host;\n            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;\n            proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;\n        }\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u500b\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c<code>ip_hash<\/code> \u6307\u4ee4\u78ba\u4fdd\u4f86\u81ea\u540c\u4e00 IP \u5730\u5740\u7684\u8acb\u6c42\u5c07\u59cb\u7d42\u88ab\u5c0e\u5411\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u5f8c\u7aef\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u3002\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u7528\u6236\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e5%85%b6%e4%bb%96%e7%b2%98%e6%80%a7%e6%9c%83%e8%a9%b1%e7%9a%84%e5%af%a6%e7%8f%be%e6%96%b9%e5%bc%8f-rODjjRQZwA\">\u5176\u4ed6\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\u65b9\u5f0f<\/h2>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86 IP \u54c8\u5e0c\uff0cNginx \u9084\u652f\u6301\u5176\u4ed6\u5e7e\u7a2e\u5be6\u73fe\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>cookie<\/strong>: \u4f7f\u7528 cookie \u4f86\u8b58\u5225\u7528\u6236\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u6236\u7684 IP \u5730\u5740\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u6703\u8a71\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>session persistence<\/strong>: \u900f\u904e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 session ID \u4f86\u4fdd\u6301\u7528\u6236\u7684\u6703\u8a71\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528 cookie \u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>upstream backend {\n    server backend1.example.com;\n    server backend2.example.com;\n\n    # \u4f7f\u7528 cookie \u4f86\u5be6\u73fe\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\n    sticky cookie srv_id expires=1h path=\/;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-rODjjRQZwA\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728 Nginx \u4e2d\u5be6\u73fe\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\u662f\u63d0\u5347\u7528\u6236\u9ad4\u9a57\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u901a\u904e <code>ngx_http_upstream_module<\/code>\uff0c\u7528\u6236\u53ef\u4ee5\u9748\u6d3b\u5730\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u7b56\u7565\u4f86\u6eff\u8db3\u61c9\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 IP \u54c8\u5e0c\u9084\u662f cookie\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6280\u8853\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4fdd\u6301\u7528\u6236\u7684\u6703\u8a71\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u8cea\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u9999\u6e2fVPS<\/a> \u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0cServer.HK \u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u7db2\u7ad9\u6258\u7ba1\u9084\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a> \u90fd\u80fd\u70ba\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a2\u7d22 Nginx \u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528 ngx_http_upstream_module \u5be6\u73fe\u7c98\u6027\u6703\u8a71\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7db2\u7ad9\u6027\u80fd\u8207\u7528\u6236\u9ad4\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49802","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49802"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49802\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":49803,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49802\/revisions\/49803"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49802"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49802"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}