{"id":44906,"date":"2024-10-06T19:04:15","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T11:04:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/44906\/"},"modified":"2024-10-06T19:04:15","modified_gmt":"2024-10-06T11:04:15","slug":"linux-%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e4%b9%8b%e8%a8%88%e5%8a%83%e4%bb%bb%e5%8b%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/44906\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u8a08\u5283\u4efb\u52d9"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"linux-%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e4%b9%8b%e8%a8%88%e5%8a%83%e4%bb%bb%e5%8b%99-dLjyOSqUaJ\">Linux \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u4e4b\u8a08\u5283\u4efb\u52d9<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a08\u5283\u4efb\u52d9\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u7528\u6236\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u57f7\u884c\u5404\u7a2e\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5b9a\u671f\u5099\u4efd\u6578\u64da\u3001\u57f7\u884c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7dad\u8b77\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5b9a\u6642\u767c\u9001\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u8a08\u5283\u4efb\u52d9\u90fd\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u4ecb\u7d39 Linux \u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u4efb\u52d9\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec <code>cron<\/code> \u548c <code>at<\/code>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f86\u7ba1\u7406\u8a08\u5283\u4efb\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1-cron%ef%bc%9a%e5%ae%9a%e6%9c%9f%e5%9f%b7%e8%a1%8c%e4%bb%bb%e5%8b%99-dLjyOSqUaJ\">1. cron\uff1a\u5b9a\u671f\u57f7\u884c\u4efb\u52d9<\/h2>\n<p><code>cron<\/code> \u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7528\u65bc\u5b9a\u671f\u57f7\u884c\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7528\u6236\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u7de8\u8f2f <code>crontab<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u4f86\u8a2d\u7f6e\u8a08\u5283\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u6bcf\u500b\u7528\u6236\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684 <code>crontab<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a2d\u7f6e\u5168\u5c40\u7684 <code>crontab<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"1-1-crontab-%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e6%a0%bc%e5%bc%8f-dLjyOSqUaJ\">1.1 crontab \u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<p><code>crontab<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\n* * * * * command_to_execute\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u4e94\u500b\u661f\u865f\u5206\u5225\u4ee3\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5206\u9418<\/strong>\uff080-59\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5c0f\u6642<\/strong>\uff080-23\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u65e5<\/strong>\uff081-31\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6708<\/strong>\uff081-12\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u661f\u671f<\/strong>\uff080-7\uff0c0 \u548c 7 \u90fd\u4ee3\u8868\u661f\u671f\u65e5\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"1-2-%e7%b7%a8%e8%bc%af-crontab-dLjyOSqUaJ\">1.2 \u7de8\u8f2f crontab<\/h3>\n<p>\u8981\u7de8\u8f2f\u7576\u524d\u7528\u6236\u7684 <code>crontab<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\ncrontab -e\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u7de8\u8f2f\u5668\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u8a08\u5283\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u51cc\u6668 2 \u9ede\u57f7\u884c\u5099\u4efd\u8173\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\n0 2 * * * \/path\/to\/backup.sh\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"1-3-%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%e5%92%8c%e5%88%aa%e9%99%a4-crontab-%e4%bb%bb%e5%8b%99-dLjyOSqUaJ\">1.3 \u67e5\u770b\u548c\u522a\u9664 crontab \u4efb\u52d9<\/h3>\n<p>\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u7576\u524d\u7528\u6236\u7684 <code>crontab<\/code> \u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\ncrontab -l\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u8981\u522a\u9664\u6240\u6709\u7684 <code>crontab<\/code> \u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\ncrontab -r\n<\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"2-at%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%80%e6%ac%a1%e6%80%a7%e5%9f%b7%e8%a1%8c%e4%bb%bb%e5%8b%99-dLjyOSqUaJ\">2. at\uff1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u57f7\u884c\u4efb\u52d9<\/h2>\n<p><code>at<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u65bc\u5b89\u6392\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u8207 <code>cron<\/code> \u4e0d\u540c\uff0c<code>at<\/code> \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u65bc\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u57f7\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9a\u671f\u57f7\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"2-1-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-at-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4-dLjyOSqUaJ\">2.1 \u4f7f\u7528 at \u547d\u4ee4<\/h3>\n<p>\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 <code>at<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u78ba\u4fdd <code>atd<\/code> \u670d\u52d9\u6b63\u5728\u904b\u884c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f86\u6aa2\u67e5\u670d\u52d9\u72c0\u614b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\nsystemctl status atd\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u670d\u52d9\u672a\u904b\u884c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u555f\u52d5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\nsystemctl start atd\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"2-2-%e5%ae%89%e6%8e%92%e4%bb%bb%e5%8b%99-dLjyOSqUaJ\">2.2 \u5b89\u6392\u4efb\u52d9<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>at<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u6392\u4efb\u52d9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\nat time\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u4e0b\u5348 3 \u9ede\u57f7\u884c\u4e00\u500b\u8173\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\necho \"\/path\/to\/script.sh\" | at 15:00\n<\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"2-3-%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%e5%92%8c%e5%88%aa%e9%99%a4-at-%e4%bb%bb%e5%8b%99-dLjyOSqUaJ\">2.3 \u67e5\u770b\u548c\u522a\u9664 at \u4efb\u52d9<\/h3>\n<p>\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u5b89\u6392\u7684 <code>at<\/code> \u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\natq\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u8981\u522a\u9664\u67d0\u500b\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>\natrm job_number\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d <code>job_number<\/code> \u662f\u5f9e <code>atq<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u7de8\u865f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"3-%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-dLjyOSqUaJ\">3. \u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>Linux \u7684\u8a08\u5283\u4efb\u52d9\u529f\u80fd\u70ba\u7528\u6236\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 <code>cron<\/code> \u9032\u884c\u5b9a\u671f\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 <code>at<\/code> \u9032\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u9019\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u5f8c\uff0c\u7528\u6236\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u624b\u52d5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">VPS<\/a> \u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0cServer.HK \u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u60a8\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u9999\u6e2f\u4f3a\u670d\u5668<\/a> \u9084\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u80fd\u70ba\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a2\u7d22Linux\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u4e2d\u7684\u8a08\u5283\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u4efb\u52d9\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9a\u6642\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44906","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44906"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44906\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44907,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44906\/revisions\/44907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}