{"id":44736,"date":"2024-10-06T17:47:01","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T09:47:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/44736\/"},"modified":"2024-10-06T17:47:02","modified_gmt":"2024-10-06T09:47:02","slug":"linux-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%ef%bc%9aiptables-ipv4-ipv6-%e5%8c%85%e9%81%8e%e6%bf%be%e5%92%8c-nat-%e7%9a%84%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/44736\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u547d\u4ee4\uff1aiptables &#8211; IPv4\/IPv6 \u5305\u904e\u6ffe\u548c NAT \u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"linux-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%ef%bc%9aiptables-ipv4-ipv6-%e5%8c%85%e9%81%8e%e6%bf%be%e5%92%8c-nat-%e7%9a%84%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7-yyuRILUBxH\">Linux \u547d\u4ee4\uff1aiptables &#8211; IPv4\/IPv6 \u5305\u904e\u6ffe\u548c NAT \u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u5fc5\u9808\u91cd\u8996\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002Linux \u7cfb\u7d71\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u4f86\u7ba1\u7406\u7db2\u7d61\u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d <code>iptables<\/code> \u662f\u6700\u70ba\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9632\u706b\u7246\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u80fd\u5920\u904e\u6ffe IPv4 \u548c IPv6 \u7684\u6578\u64da\u5305\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u9032\u884c\u7db2\u7d61\u5730\u5740\u8f49\u63db\uff08NAT\uff09\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e <code>iptables<\/code> \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e6%98%af-iptables%ef%bc%9f-yyuRILUBxH\">\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f iptables\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p><code>iptables<\/code> \u662f Linux \u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7528\u65bc\u8a2d\u7f6e\u3001\u7dad\u8b77\u548c\u6aa2\u67e5 IP \u6578\u64da\u5305\u904e\u6ffe\u898f\u5247\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8a31\u7528\u6236\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u6578\u64da\u5305\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u5165\u6216\u96e2\u958b\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u898f\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u591a\u7a2e\u689d\u4ef6\u9032\u884c\u8a2d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6e90 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001\u76ee\u6a19 IP \u5730\u5740\u3001\u5354\u8b70\u985e\u578b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"iptables-%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e7%b5%90%e6%a7%8b-yyuRILUBxH\">iptables \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7d50\u69cb<\/h2>\n<p><code>iptables<\/code> \u7684\u898f\u5247\u662f\u7531\u93c8\uff08chains\uff09\u548c\u8868\uff08tables\uff09\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8868\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>filter<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u65bc\u904e\u6ffe\u6578\u64da\u5305\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>nat<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u65bc\u7db2\u7d61\u5730\u5740\u8f49\u63db\u7684\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>mangle<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u65bc\u4fee\u6539\u6578\u64da\u5305\u7684\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u6bcf\u500b\u8868\u4e2d\u53c8\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u591a\u500b\u93c8\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u93c8\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>INPUT<\/strong>\uff1a\u8655\u7406\u9032\u5165\u672c\u6a5f\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>OUTPUT<\/strong>\uff1a\u8655\u7406\u5f9e\u672c\u6a5f\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>FORWARD<\/strong>\uff1a\u8655\u7406\u8f49\u767c\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b-yyuRILUBxH\">\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684 <code>iptables<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%e7%95%b6%e5%89%8d%e8%a6%8f%e5%89%87-yyuRILUBxH\">\u67e5\u770b\u7576\u524d\u898f\u5247<\/h3>\n<pre><code>iptables -L -v<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u689d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c07\u5217\u51fa\u7576\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u898f\u5247\u53ca\u5176\u8a73\u7d30\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"%e6%b7%bb%e5%8a%a0%e8%a6%8f%e5%89%87-yyuRILUBxH\">\u6dfb\u52a0\u898f\u5247<\/h3>\n<pre><code>iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u689d\u547d\u4ee4\u5141\u8a31\u6240\u6709\u9032\u5165\u7684 TCP \u6d41\u91cf\uff0c\u76ee\u6a19\u7aef\u53e3\u70ba 80\uff08HTTP\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"%e5%88%aa%e9%99%a4%e8%a6%8f%e5%89%87-yyuRILUBxH\">\u522a\u9664\u898f\u5247<\/h3>\n<pre><code>iptables -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u689d\u547d\u4ee4\u5c07\u522a\u9664\u4e4b\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u898f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"%e8%a8%ad%e7%bd%ae-nat-yyuRILUBxH\">\u8a2d\u7f6e NAT<\/h3>\n<pre><code>iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u689d\u547d\u4ee4\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e86 NAT\uff0c\u5c07\u5167\u90e8\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u5916\u90e8\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"ipv6-%e7%9a%84%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81-yyuRILUBxH\">IPv6 \u7684\u652f\u6301<\/h2>\n<p>\u96a8\u8457 IPv6 \u7684\u666e\u53ca\uff0cLinux \u7cfb\u7d71\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5c0d IPv6 \u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 <code>ip6tables<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406 IPv6 \u7684\u6578\u64da\u5305\u904e\u6ffe\u548c NAT\u3002\u5176\u7528\u6cd5\u8207 <code>iptables<\/code> \u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u91dd\u5c0d\u7684\u662f IPv6 \u7684\u6578\u64da\u5305\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"iptables-%e7%9a%84%e9%87%8d%e8%a6%81%e6%80%a7-yyuRILUBxH\">iptables \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u7576\u524d\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c<code>iptables<\/code> \u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u548c\u7db2\u7d61\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u904e\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u9632\u706b\u7246\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u7d93\u6388\u6b0a\u7684\u8a2a\u554f\u548c\u5404\u7a2e\u7db2\u7d61\u653b\u64ca\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c<code>iptables<\/code> \u9084\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u5e36\u5bec\uff0c\u512a\u5316\u7db2\u7d61\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-yyuRILUBxH\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c<code>iptables<\/code> \u662f\u4e00\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u7db2\u7d61\u6d41\u91cf\u548c\u589e\u5f37\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u7528\u6236\u9084\u662f\u4f01\u696d\u7528\u6236\uff0c\u638c\u63e1 <code>iptables<\/code> \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">VPS<\/a> \u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0cServer.HK \u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7528\u6236\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8acb\u8a2a\u554f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3 Linux \u547d\u4ee4 iptables\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u7ba1\u7406 IPv4\/IPv6 \u5305\u904e\u6ffe\u548c NAT\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7d71\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44736","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44736"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44736\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44737,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44736\/revisions\/44737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}