{"id":44632,"date":"2024-10-06T17:02:40","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T09:02:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/44632\/"},"modified":"2024-10-06T17:02:40","modified_gmt":"2024-10-06T09:02:40","slug":"linux-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%ef%bc%9aawk-%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e6%8e%83%e6%8f%8f%e5%92%8c%e8%99%95%e7%90%86%e8%aa%9e%e8%a8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/44632\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u547d\u4ee4\uff1aawk &#8211; \u6a21\u5f0f\u6383\u63cf\u548c\u8655\u7406\u8a9e\u8a00"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"linux-%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%ef%bc%9aawk-%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f%e6%8e%83%e6%8f%8f%e5%92%8c%e8%99%95%e7%90%86%e8%aa%9e%e8%a8%80-leLNGmFLfh\">Linux \u547d\u4ee4\uff1aawk &#8211; \u6a21\u5f0f\u6383\u63cf\u548c\u8655\u7406\u8a9e\u8a00<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728Linux\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u6587\u672c\u6578\u64da\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002<code>awk<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8655\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5c08\u9580\u7528\u65bc\u6a21\u5f0f\u6383\u63cf\u548c\u6578\u64da\u8655\u7406\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u7a31\u6e90\u81ea\u5176\u5275\u59cb\u4ebaAlfred Aho\u3001Peter Weinberger\u548cBrian Kernighan\u7684\u59d3\u6c0f\u9996\u5b57\u6bcd\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e<code>awk<\/code>\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u7528\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"awk%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e8%aa%9e%e6%b3%95-leLNGmFLfh\">awk\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p><code>awk<\/code>\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>awk 'pattern { action }' input_file<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c<code>pattern<\/code>\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u5339\u914d\u884c\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c<code>action<\/code>\u5247\u662f\u5c0d\u5339\u914d\u884c\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u82e5\u672a\u6307\u5b9a<code>pattern<\/code>\uff0c\u5247<code>awk<\/code>\u6703\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u884c\u57f7\u884c<code>action<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"awk%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd-leLNGmFLfh\">awk\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6587\u672c\u7be9\u9078\uff1a<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u7279\u5b9a\u689d\u4ef6\u7be9\u9078\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u7684\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6578\u64da\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\uff1a<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u6578\u64da\u9032\u884c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8655\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8a08\u7b97\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u6578\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u5982\u6c42\u548c\u3001\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5831\u544a\u751f\u6210\uff1a<\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u7528\u6236\u67e5\u770b\u6578\u64da\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"awk%e7%9a%84%e5%b8%b8%e8%a6%8b%e7%94%a8%e6%b3%95-leLNGmFLfh\">awk\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u7528\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"1-%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e7%af%a9%e9%81%b8-leLNGmFLfh\">1. \u57fa\u672c\u7be9\u9078<\/h3>\n<p>\u5047\u8a2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u70ba<code>data.txt<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>1,John,25\n2,Jane,30\n3,Bob,22\n4,Alice,28<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u7be9\u9078\u51fa\u5e74\u9f61\u5927\u65bc25\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>awk -F, '$3 &gt; 25 { print $2 }' data.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u88e1\uff0c<code>-F,<\/code>\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b57\u6bb5\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u70ba\u9017\u865f\uff0c<code>$3<\/code>\u8868\u793a\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u5e74\u9f61\uff09\uff0c<code>{ print $2 }<\/code>\u5247\u8868\u793a\u8f38\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08\u59d3\u540d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"2-%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%e8%a8%88%e7%ae%97-leLNGmFLfh\">2. \u6578\u64da\u8a08\u7b97<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u8a08\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u7e3d\u548c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>awk -F, '{ sum += $3 } END { print sum }' data.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c<code>sum += $3<\/code>\u6703\u5c07\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u7d2f\u52a0\uff0c<code>END { print sum }<\/code>\u5247\u5728\u8655\u7406\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u884c\u5f8c\u8f38\u51fa\u7e3d\u548c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"3-%e6%a0%bc%e5%bc%8f%e5%8c%96%e8%bc%b8%e5%87%ba-leLNGmFLfh\">3. \u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f38\u51fa<\/h3>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u8f38\u51fa\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u683c\u5f0f\u8f38\u51fa\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u5e74\u9f61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>awk -F, '{ printf \"Name: %s, Age: %dn\", $2, $3 }' data.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u88e1\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86<code>printf<\/code>\u51fd\u6578\u4f86\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f38\u51fa\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"awk%e7%9a%84%e9%80%b2%e9%9a%8e%e7%94%a8%e6%b3%95-leLNGmFLfh\">awk\u7684\u9032\u968e\u7528\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7be9\u9078\u548c\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c<code>awk<\/code>\u9084\u652f\u6301\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u5247\u8868\u9054\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u3001\u5b9a\u7fa9\u51fd\u6578\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8655\u7406\u591a\u500b\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97<code>awk<\/code>\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u5404\u7a2e\u6587\u672c\u8655\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-leLNGmFLfh\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>\u7e3d\u7684\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c<code>awk<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8655\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u7528\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u6578\u64da\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5831\u544a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7be9\u9078\u9084\u662f\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6578\u64da\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c<code>awk<\/code>\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6578\u64da\u7684\u7528\u6236\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u638c\u63e1<code>awk<\/code>\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5c07\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u9ad8\u6548\u7684<code>VPS<\/code>\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6b61\u8fce\u8a2a\u554f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u9999\u6e2fVPS<\/a>\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u60a8\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a2\u7d22 Linux \u547d\u4ee4 awk\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6383\u63cf\u548c\u6587\u672c\u8655\u7406\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u60a8\u7684\u6578\u64da\u8655\u7406\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44632"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44633,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44632\/revisions\/44633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}