{"id":44568,"date":"2024-10-06T16:36:16","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T08:36:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/44568\/"},"modified":"2024-10-06T16:36:16","modified_gmt":"2024-10-06T08:36:16","slug":"linux-%e4%bc%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7%ef%bc%9a%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e7%b6%b2%e7%b5%a1%e5%8d%94%e8%ad%b0%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%89%88%e6%9c%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/44568\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7db2\u7d61\u5354\u8b70\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7248\u672c"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"linux-%e4%bc%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%ad%96%e7%95%a5%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7%ef%bc%9a%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e7%b6%b2%e7%b5%a1%e5%8d%94%e8%ad%b0%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%89%88%e6%9c%ac-mIJEEcURRT\">Linux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u6280\u5de7\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u7db2\u7d61\u5354\u8b70\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7248\u672c<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u4f01\u696d\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u7528\u6236\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8b70\u984c\u3002Linux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u56e0\u5176\u958b\u6e90\u7279\u6027\u548c\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u800c\u5ee3\u53d7\u6b61\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u9762\u81e8\u8457\u5404\u7a2e\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u53ca\u5176\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u5354\u8b70\u662f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u5982\u4f55\u5728 Linux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\u5be6\u65bd\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u5f37\u6574\u9ad4\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1-%e7%82%ba%e4%bd%95%e9%81%b8%e6%93%87%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%89%88%e6%9c%ac%e7%9a%84%e7%b6%b2%e7%b5%a1%e5%8d%94%e8%ad%b0-mIJEEcURRT\">1. \u70ba\u4f55\u9078\u64c7\u5b89\u5168\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u5354\u8b70<\/h2>\n<p>\u7db2\u7d61\u5354\u8b70\u662f\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u4e4b\u9593\u9032\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u898f\u5247\u548c\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u5982 FTP\u3001Telnet \u548c HTTP\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u5f37\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u50b3\u8f38\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e26\u4e0d\u52a0\u5bc6\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u9019\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u5011\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u9593\u4eba\u653b\u64ca\u548c\u6578\u64da\u7aca\u53d6\u7684\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u5176\u5b89\u5168\u7248\u672c\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u6578\u64da\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"2-%e5%b8%b8%e8%a6%8b%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e7%b6%b2%e7%b5%a1%e5%8d%94%e8%ad%b0-mIJEEcURRT\">2. \u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7db2\u7d61\u5354\u8b70<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SSH (Secure Shell)<\/strong>: SSH \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u9060\u7a0b\u767b\u9304\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684 Telnet\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u5bc6\u6280\u8853\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u6578\u64da\u50b3\u8f38\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u8eab\u4efd\u9a57\u8b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol)<\/strong>: SFTP \u662f\u57fa\u65bc SSH \u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u50b3\u8f38\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u50b3\u548c\u4e0b\u8f09\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86 FTP \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)<\/strong>: HTTPS \u662f HTTP \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u901a\u904e SSL\/TLS \u52a0\u5bc6\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u7db2\u7ad9\u8207\u7528\u6236\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6578\u64da\u50b3\u8f38\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6578\u64da\u88ab\u7aca\u53d6\u6216\u7be1\u6539\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>FTPS (FTP Secure)<\/strong>: FTPS \u662f\u5728 FTP \u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 SSL\/TLS \u52a0\u5bc6\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u50b3\u8f38\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"3-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8-linux-%e4%bc%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%8a%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e5%8d%94%e8%ad%b0-mIJEEcURRT\">3. \u5982\u4f55\u5728 Linux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e\u5b89\u5168\u5354\u8b70<\/h2>\n<h3 id=\"3-1-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae-ssh-mIJEEcURRT\">3.1 \u914d\u7f6e SSH<\/h3>\n<p>\u8981\u5728 Linux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e SSH\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88dd OpenSSH \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u9032\u884c\u5b89\u88dd\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install openssh-server<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5b89\u88dd\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\uff0c\u7de8\u8f2f SSH \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5\u589e\u5f37\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u500b\u5b89\u5168\u8a2d\u7f6e\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u7981\u7528 root \u767b\u9304\uff1a<code>PermitRootLogin no<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u66f4\u6539\u9ed8\u8a8d\u7aef\u53e3\uff1a<code>Port 2222<\/code><\/li>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u9470\u8eab\u4efd\u9a57\u8b49\uff1a<code>PubkeyAuthentication yes<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b8c\u6210\u5f8c\uff0c\u91cd\u555f SSH \u670d\u52d9\u4ee5\u61c9\u7528\u66f4\u6539\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo systemctl restart sshd<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"3-2-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae-sftp-mIJEEcURRT\">3.2 \u914d\u7f6e SFTP<\/h3>\n<p>\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 SFTP\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd SSH \u670d\u52d9\u5df2\u555f\u7528\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u4f86\u4e0a\u50b3\u548c\u4e0b\u8f09\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sftp user@hostname<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u9019\u5c07\u9023\u63a5\u5230\u9060\u7a0b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u4e26\u5141\u8a31\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u50b3\u8f38\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"3-3-%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae-https-mIJEEcURRT\">3.3 \u914d\u7f6e HTTPS<\/h3>\n<p>\u8981\u5728 Linux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6e HTTPS\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88dd SSL \u8b49\u66f8\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 Let&#8217;s Encrypt \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u514d\u8cbb\u8b49\u66f8\u3002\u5b89\u88dd Certbot \u5de5\u5177\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get install certbot python3-certbot-nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7136\u5f8c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u7372\u53d6\u8b49\u66f8\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo certbot --nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6309\u7167\u63d0\u793a\u5b8c\u6210\u8b49\u66f8\u7684\u5b89\u88dd\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u63d0\u4f9b HTTPS \u670d\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"4-%e5%ae%9a%e6%9c%9f%e6%9b%b4%e6%96%b0%e5%92%8c%e7%9b%a3%e6%8e%a7-mIJEEcURRT\">4. \u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u76e3\u63a7<\/h2>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u5354\u8b70\u5916\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f15\u9b06\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u76e3\u63a7\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u65e5\u8a8c\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6d41\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e9\u767c\u73fe\u6f5b\u5728\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5a01\u8105\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982 Fail2ban \u4f86\u9632\u6b62\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u653b\u64ca\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-mIJEEcURRT\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728 Linux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\u5be6\u65bd\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u5354\u8b70\u662f\u4fdd\u8b77\u6578\u64da\u548c\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002\u901a\u904e\u4f7f\u7528 SSH\u3001SFTP\u3001HTTPS \u548c FTPS \u7b49\u5b89\u5168\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5354\u8b70\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u5b89\u5168\u98a8\u96aa\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u76e3\u63a7\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u72c0\u614b\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u82e5\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u8b77\u60a8\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u8acb\u8a2a\u554f\u6211\u5011\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u9999\u6e2fVPS<\/a> \u670d\u52d9\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u7372\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a2\u7d22Linux\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u5b89\u5168\u7b56\u7565\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u5b89\u5168\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u5354\u8b70\u4f86\u52a0\u5f37\u7cfb\u7d71\u9632\u8b77\u8207\u6578\u64da\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-44568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=44568"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44569,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44568\/revisions\/44569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=44568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=44568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=44568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}