{"id":210686,"date":"2026-02-15T20:03:37","date_gmt":"2026-02-15T12:03:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=210686"},"modified":"2026-02-05T20:04:19","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T12:04:19","slug":"ubuntu-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%a3%81%e7%9b%98%e7%a9%ba%e9%97%b4%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a2%9e%e9%95%bf%e7%9a%84%e5%8e%9f%e5%9b%a0%e4%b8%8e%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/210686\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u5e38\u589e\u957f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e\u5904\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u83ab\u540d\u5176\u5999\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u662f Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u201c\u9690\u5f62\u6740\u624b\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\u8868\u9762\u770b\u662f\u201c\u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\u5f80\u5f80\u85cf\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7cfb\u7edf\u68b3\u7406\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5bfc\u81f4\u78c1\u76d8\u5f02\u5e38\u589e\u957f\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u89c1 10 \u5927\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u6392\u67e5\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 10 \u5927\u539f\u56e0<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u589e\u957f\uff08\u51fa\u73b0\u9891\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360 40%+\uff09 \u6700\u5178\u578b\uff1anginx\/apache access.log \/ error.log\u3001\u5e94\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001journald \u672a\u9650\u5236\u3001mysql slow query log\u3001redis\/aof \u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6587\u4ef6\u81a8\u80c0 MySQL\/PostgreSQL \u7684 binlog\u3001slow log\u3001general log \u672a\u5f00\u542f\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u7406\uff1bPostgreSQL \u7684 WAL \u6587\u4ef6\u5806\u79ef\uff1bMongoDB oplog \u8fc7\u5927\uff1bClickHouse \u6570\u636e\u76ee\u5f55\u81a8\u80c0\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u7f13\u5b58\u76ee\u5f55\u5931\u63a7 \/var\/cache\/apt\/archives\/ \u79ef\u7d2f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf deb \u5305 \/var\/cache\/snapd\/ \u6216 snap \u7f13\u5b58 PHP\/opcache\u3001nginx proxy_cache\u3001Varnish\u3001Redis \u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u65f6\u5199\u76d8\u7684 dump.rdb\/aof<\/li>\n
  4. Docker \/ \u5bb9\u5668\u76f8\u5173 Docker overlay2 \u5b58\u50a8\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\u955c\u50cf\/\u5bb9\u5668\/volume \u5c42\u5806\u79ef \u672a\u6e05\u7406\u7684 exited \u5bb9\u5668\u3001dangling images\u3001build cache \u5bb9\u5668\u5185\u65e5\u5fd7\u672a\u505a volume \u5916\u6302\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bb9\u5668\u5185 \/var\/log \u65e0\u9650\u589e\u957f<\/li>\n
  5. \u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u6e05\u7406 \/tmp\u3001\/var\/tmp \u88ab\u67d0\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5927\u91cf\u5199\u5165\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u4e14\u672a\u5220\u9664 \u7f16\u8bd1\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u89e3\u538b\u5305\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u811a\u672c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n
  6. \u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u81a8\u80c0 \u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u5907\u4efd\u6587\u4ef6\u3001git \u4ed3\u5e93\u514b\u9686\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3001node_modules\u3001venv\u3001.cache \u7b49 \u5f00\u53d1\/\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7528\u6237\u5728 \/home \u4e0b\u653e\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e<\/li>\n
  7. \u7cfb\u7edf\u5feb\u7167\u6216\u5907\u4efd\u6b8b\u7559 LVM \u5feb\u7167\u672a\u5220\u9664\u3001timeshift\u3001btrfs \u5feb\u7167\u3001rsync \u589e\u91cf\u5907\u4efd\u672a\u6e05\u7406\u65e7\u7248\u672c<\/li>\n
  8. \u5185\u6838\u65e7\u7248\u672c\u5360\u7528 \/boot \u591a\u6b21\u5347\u7ea7\u5185\u6838\u540e\u65e7\u5185\u6838\u672a\u5220\u9664\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f \/boot \u5206\u533a\u5c0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff09<\/li>\n
  9. \u90ae\u4ef6\u961f\u5217\u5806\u79ef \/var\/spool\/postfix\/ \u6216 exim \u961f\u5217\uff08\u90ae\u4ef6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e38\u89c1\uff09<\/li>\n
  10. \u5176\u4ed6\u9690\u853d\u589e\u957f core dump \u6587\u4ef6\uff08ulimit \u672a\u9650\u5236 core size\uff09 crash dump\uff08\/var\/crash\uff09 systemd-coredump\uff08\/var\/lib\/systemd\/coredump\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u201c\u8c01\u5728\u5403\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h3>\n

    \u5efa\u8bae\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u67e5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38 5\u201310 \u5206\u949f\u5c31\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5143\u51f6\u3002<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u603b\u4f53\u6982\u89c8<\/strong> df -h df -i\uff08\u522b\u5fd8\u4e86\u68c0\u67e5 inode \u662f\u5426\u8017\u5c3d\uff09<\/li>\n
    2. \u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u5404\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u5360\u7528\u6392\u540d<\/strong>\uff08\u6700\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u6b65\uff09 du -sh \/* | sort -hr | head -15 \u901a\u5e38\u524d 3\u20135 \u540d\u5c31\u80fd\u9501\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n
    3. \u9488\u5bf9\u53ef\u7591\u76ee\u5f55\u7ee7\u7eed\u6df1\u6316<\/strong>\n
        \n
      • \u65e5\u5fd7\u7c7b\uff1adu -sh \/var\/log\/* | sort -hr<\/li>\n
      • \u7f13\u5b58\uff1adu -sh \/var\/cache\/*<\/li>\n
      • Docker\uff1adocker system df<\/li>\n
      • \u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1adu -sh \/var\/lib\/mysql \/var\/lib\/postgresql \u7b49<\/li>\n
      • \u7528\u6237\u76ee\u5f55\uff1adu -sh \/home\/* \/root\/*<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • \u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u795e\u5668\uff08\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u63d0\u524d\u5b89\u88c5\uff09<\/strong> ncdu \/ \uff08\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u4e00\u6837\u6d4f\u89c8\uff0c\u6309 d \u5220\u9664\uff0c\u6309 ? \u67e5\u770b\u5e2e\u52a9\uff09<\/li>\n
      • \u5927\u6587\u4ef6\/\u65e7\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u627e<\/strong> find \/ -type f -size +500M -exec ls -lh {} ; 2>\/dev\/null find \/var\/log -type f -mtime +30 -size +100M<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u4e09\u3001\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6848<\/h3>\n
        \n
        \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u539f\u56e0<\/th>\n\u7acb\u5373\u5904\u7406<\/th>\n\u957f\u671f\u9884\u9632<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        \u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u589e\u957f<\/td>\ntruncate -s 0 \u5927\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6 logrotate \u914d\u7f6e daily + rotate 7 + compress<\/td>\n\/etc\/logrotate.d\/ \u4e0b\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5199\u89c4\u5219 journald.conf \u8bbe\u7f6e SystemMaxUse=2G<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        Docker \u81a8\u80c0<\/td>\ndocker system prune -a –volumes docker image prune -a<\/td>\n\u8bbe\u7f6e –log-opt max-size=50m \u5b9a\u671f cron prune<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u81a8\u80c0<\/td>\n\u6e05\u7406 binlog\uff1aPURGE BINARY LOGS BEFORE ‘\u65e5\u671f’ PostgreSQL\uff1aVACUUM FULL + WAL \u5f52\u6863<\/td>\n\u5f00\u542f binlog expire_logs_days \u8bbe\u7f6e logrotate \u6216 pg_cron \u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u7f13\u5b58\u5806\u79ef<\/td>\napt clean \/ apt autoclean rm -rf \/var\/cache\/apt\/archives\/*<\/td>\nunattended-upgrades + cron \u6bcf\u5468\u6e05\u7406<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u4e34\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\nrm -rf \/tmp\/*\uff08\u91cd\u542f\u524d\u8f83\u5b89\u5168\uff09<\/td>\ntmpfs \u6302\u8f7d \/tmp noexec\/nosuid \u9009\u9879<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \/boot \u65e7\u5185\u6838<\/td>\napt autoremove \u6216\u624b\u52a8 dpkg –purge linux-image-\u65e7\u7248\u672c<\/td>\napt autoremove –purge \u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u7528\u6237\u76ee\u5f55\u4e71\u653e<\/td>\nquota \u7528\u6237\u914d\u989d du -sh \/home\/* \u627e\u51fa\u5927\u6237\u6c9f\u901a<\/td>\n\u6559\u80b2\u7528\u6237\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u626b\u63cf \/home<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

        \u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u9632\u78c1\u76d8\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u201c\u94c1\u4e09\u89d2\u201d<\/h3>\n
          \n
        1. \u76d1\u63a7\u5148\u884c<\/strong> netdata \/ prometheus-node-exporter + \u544a\u8b66\uff08\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u7387 > 80% \u544a\u8b66\uff09<\/li>\n
        2. \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6e05\u7406<\/strong> \u6bcf\u5468 cron \u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\n
            \n
          • apt clean && journalctl –vacuum-time=30d<\/li>\n
          • docker system prune -f\uff08\u8c28\u614e\uff09<\/li>\n
          • find \/var\/log -type f -mtime +90 -delete\uff08\u914d\u5408\u5907\u4efd\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
          • \u65e5\u5fd7\u7b56\u7565<\/strong> \u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u65e5\u5fd7\u5fc5\u987b\u914d\u7f6e logrotate \u6216 journald \u9650\u5236 \u6838\u5fc3\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u65e5\u5fd7\u6c38\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u589e\u957f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a \u201c\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u5f02\u5e38\u589e\u957f\uff0c99% \u7684\u6839\u6e90\u90fd\u662f\u2018\u67d0\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u5199\u6587\u4ef6\u4e14\u6ca1\u4eba\u7ba1\u2019\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \u53ea\u8981\u517b\u6210\u201c\u770b\u5230 df -h \u5f02\u5e38 \u2192 du -sh \/* \u2192 ncdu \u6df1\u6316 \u2192 \u5b9a\u4f4d\u5199\u8fdb\u7a0b \u2192 \u914d\u7f6e logrotate \/ \u6e05\u7406\u7b56\u7565\u201d\u7684\u808c\u8089\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u78c1\u76d8\u7206\u70b8\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u80fd\u4ece\u201c\u51cc\u6668\u88ab\u53eb\u9192\u201d\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u63d0\u524d\u4e00\u5468\u5c31\u6536\u5230\u544a\u8b66\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            \u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4\u83ab\u540d\u5176\u5999\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u662f U...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-210686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210686","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210686"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210686\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210687,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210686\/revisions\/210687"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210686"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210686"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210686"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}