{"id":210682,"date":"2026-02-13T19:59:08","date_gmt":"2026-02-13T11:59:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=210682"},"modified":"2026-02-05T20:01:11","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T12:01:11","slug":"ubuntu-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/210682\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"auto\">Ubuntu \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5e74\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf ifupdown \u5230\u73b0\u4ee3 Netplan \u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002Netplan \u81ea Ubuntu 18.04 \u8d77\u6210\u4e3a\u5b98\u65b9\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5230 2026 \u5e74\u5df2\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ee5\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u8bb2\u89e3 Netplan \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u573a\u666f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9 Ubuntu \u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e00\u3001Netplan \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Netplan \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u201c\u58f0\u660e\u5f0f + \u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u201d\u7684\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u58f0\u660e\u5f0f\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong> \u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u547d\u4ee4\uff08ifconfig\u3001ip addr add\u3001route add \u7b49\uff09\u9010\u6761\u4fee\u6539\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7528 YAML \u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u201c\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5e95\u5c42\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6e32\u67d3\u5668\u62bd\u8c61<\/strong> Netplan \u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06 YAML \u914d\u7f6e\u6e32\u67d3\uff08render\uff09\u6210\u540e\u7aef\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u652f\u6301\u4e24\u79cd\u6e32\u67d3\u5668\uff1a\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>systemd-networkd<\/strong>\uff1a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u3001\u65e0\u56fe\u5f62\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u542f\u52a8\u5feb\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u4f4e\uff0c\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>NetworkManager<\/strong>\uff1a\u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc\u3001\u652f\u6301\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u3001VPN\u3001Wi-Fi \u7b49\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u684c\u9762\u6216\u9700\u8981\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u5207\u6362\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7edf\u4e00\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u5165\u53e3<\/strong> \u6240\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230 \/etc\/netplan\/ \u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u7684 YAML \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u65e7\u65f6\u4ee3 \/etc\/network\/interfaces\u3001NetworkManager \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3001cloud-init \u914d\u7f6e\u7b49\u591a\u5904\u5206\u6563\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u53ef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6027<\/strong> \u652f\u6301 netplan try \u673a\u5236\uff1a\u5e94\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u540e 120 \u79d2\u5185\u53ef\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u6eda\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u6539\u7f51\u5bfc\u81f4 SSH \u65ad\u5f00\u7684\u201c\u60ca\u5413\u98ce\u9669\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e8c\u3001Netplan \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u7406\u89e3 Netplan \u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u6392\u67e5\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u8bfb\u53d6\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong> Netplan \u626b\u63cf \/etc\/netplan\/ \u4e0b\u6240\u6709 .yaml \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6309\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u6570\u5b57\u987a\u5e8f\uff0801-\u300150-\u300199-\uff09\u5408\u5e76\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8986\u76d6\u524d\u8005\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u751f\u6210\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong> netplan generate \u5c06 YAML \u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u540e\u7aef\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>systemd-networkd \u2192 \/run\/systemd\/network\/*.network \u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>NetworkManager \u2192 \/run\/NetworkManager\/system-connections\/*.nmconnection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e94\u7528\u9636\u6bb5<\/strong> netplan apply \u8c03\u7528\u540e\u7aef\u5de5\u5177\u91cd\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u53d8\u66f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u4e0e\u8986\u76d6<\/strong> cloud-init\uff08\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u5e38\u89c1\uff09\u751f\u6210\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u901a\u5e38\u653e\u5728 50-cloud-init.yaml\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u914d\u7f6e\u5efa\u8bae\u7528 99- \u5f00\u5934\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e09\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u7f51\u7edc\u573a\u666f\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u601d\u8def\uff08\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\uff09<\/h3>\n<ol dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u9759\u6001 IP \u914d\u7f6e<\/strong> \u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u5173\u95ed DHCP\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u6307\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u3001\u524d\u7f00\u3001\u7f51\u5173\u3001DNS\u3002 \u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u7f51\u5173\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7 routes \u5757\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08\u73b0\u4ee3\u5199\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0e\u65e7\u7248 gateway4 \u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u591a\u7f51\u5361\u573a\u666f<\/strong> \u539f\u5219\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\u72ec\u7acb\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5168\u5c40\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\u51b2\u7a81\u3002 \u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8def\u7531\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u901a\u8fc7 metric\uff08\u8def\u7531\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\uff09\u6216 policy routing \u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6865\u63a5\uff08Bridge\uff09<\/strong> \u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u8ba9\u865a\u62df\u673a\/\u5bb9\u5668\u5171\u4eab\u7269\u7406\u7f51\u5361\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002 \u601d\u8def\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u63a5\u53e3\u5173\u95ed\u5730\u5740\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u6865\u63a5\u63a5\u53e3\u627f\u62c5 IP \u548c\u8def\u7531\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>VLAN \u914d\u7f6e<\/strong> \u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\uff1a802.1Q \u6807\u7b7e\u3002 \u914d\u7f6e\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u6307\u5b9a\u7236\u63a5\u53e3\uff08link\uff09\u548c VLAN ID\uff0c\u65b0\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u63a5\u53e3\u627f\u8f7d IP\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bonding \/ Teaming<\/strong> \u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u94fe\u8def\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e26\u5bbd\u6216\u5197\u4f59\u3002 \u5173\u952e\u53c2\u6570\uff1amode\uff08balance-rr\u3001active-backup\u3001802.3ad \u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u914d\u5408\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u56db\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n<ol dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u539f\u5219<\/strong> \u53ea\u914d\u7f6e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fc7\u5ea6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bfc\u81f4\u96be\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u5907\u4efd<\/strong> \/etc\/netplan \u76ee\u5f55\u5e94\u7eb3\u5165 git \u6216\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff08Ansible\u3001SaltStack\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u53d8\u66f4\u524d\u5907\u4efd\u6574\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53d8\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u5148 generate \u68c0\u67e5\u8bed\u6cd5<\/li>\n<li>\u7528 try \u6d4b\u8bd5\uff08\u63a8\u8350\u751f\u4ea7\u9996\u9009\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u786e\u8ba4\u751f\u6548\u540e\u518d apply<\/li>\n<li>\u9a8c\u8bc1 ping\u3001DNS\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u76d1\u542c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u7279\u6b8a\u6027<\/strong> cloud-init \u4f1a\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u9ad8\u4e8e\u624b\u52a8\u6587\u4ef6\u3002 \u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def\uff1a\u7981\u7528 cloud-init \u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8986\u76d6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u76d1\u63a7\u4e0e\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/strong> \u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u66f4\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u63a5\u53e3\u72b6\u6001\uff08ip link\uff09<\/li>\n<li>IP \u4e0e\u8def\u7531\uff08ip addr\u3001ip route\uff09<\/li>\n<li>DNS \u89e3\u6790\uff08resolvectl status \u6216 dig\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u8fde\u901a\u6027\uff08ping \u7f51\u5173 + \u5916\u90e8\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e94\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u8bef\u533a\u4e0e\u7406\u8bba\u9677\u9631<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>YAML \u7f29\u8fdb\u654f\u611f<\/strong>\uff1a2 \u4e2a\u7a7a\u683c\u662f\u6807\u51c6\uff0cTab \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u89e3\u6790\u5931\u8d25\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u63a5\u53e3\u540d\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e38\u7528 ens3\u3001eth0\u3001enp1s0 \u7b49\uff0c\u9700\u7528 ip link \u786e\u8ba4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>DNS \u914d\u7f6e\u88ab\u8986\u76d6<\/strong>\uff1asystemd-resolved \u9ed8\u8ba4\u63a5\u7ba1 \/etc\/resolv.conf\uff0c\u9700\u7528 resolvectl \u6216 nameservers \u5757\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>IPv6 \u9ed8\u8ba4\u5f00\u542f<\/strong>\uff1a\u82e5\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u663e\u5f0f\u5173\u95ed dhcp6: no\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u610f\u5916\u6d41\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u4e22\u5931<\/strong>\uff1a\u591a\u56e0 cloud-init \u8986\u76d6\u6216 netplan \u6587\u4ef6\u6743\u9650\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\uff1aNetplan \u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u601d\u7ef4\u8f6c\u53d8<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">Netplan \u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3 Linux \u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u4ece\u201c\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u201d\u5411\u201c\u58f0\u660e\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5b83\u8ba9\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u5ba1\u67e5\u3001\u53ef\u7248\u672c\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8fd0\u7ef4\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u7ef4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u5148\u63cf\u8ff0\u201c\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u6211\u8981\u6267\u884c\u54ea\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\uff0cYAML \u662f\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53d8\u66f4\u5fc5\u987b\u53ef\u9006\u3001\u53ef\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u53ef\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u638c\u63e1 Netplan \u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0 Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u201c\u8bd5\u9519\u6539\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u5199\u5bf9\u4e00\u4efd YAML \u4e00\u6b21\u751f\u6548\u201d\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u7ef4\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ubuntu \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u7ba1\u7406\u5728\u8fc7&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-210682","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210682","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210682"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210682\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210683,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210682\/revisions\/210683"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}