{"id":210680,"date":"2026-02-12T19:56:45","date_gmt":"2026-02-12T11:56:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=210680"},"modified":"2026-02-05T19:58:52","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T11:58:52","slug":"ubuntu-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8-cpu%e3%80%81%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e3%80%81%e7%a3%81%e7%9b%98%e6%80%a7%e8%83%bd%e7%9b%91%e6%8e%a7%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/210680\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668 CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u65b9\u6cd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"auto\">\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u884c Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65f6\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u76d1\u63a7 CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u4e09\u5927\u6838\u5fc3\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u662f\u907f\u514d\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3001\u63d0\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u89c4\u5212\u6269\u5bb9\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6309\u201c\u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b \u2192 \u5386\u53f2\u8d8b\u52bf \u2192 \u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u76d1\u63a7\u201d\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6700\u5b9e\u7528\u3001\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e 22.04 \/ 24.04 LTS \u53ca\u540e\u7eed\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e00\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u9002\u5408 SSH \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f53\u524d\u662f\u5426\u201c\u5065\u5eb7\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<h4 dir=\"auto\">1. CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/h4>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>top \/ htop<\/strong>\uff08\u6700\u5e38\u7528\uff09\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>top\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u5e26\uff0c\u6309 1 \u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\uff0c\u6309 P \u6309 CPU \u6392\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li>htop\uff1a\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u63d0\u524d\u5b89\u88c5\uff08sudo apt install htop\uff09\uff0c\u754c\u9762\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u9f20\u6807\u3001\u989c\u8272\u3001\u6811\u5f62\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li>\u5173\u6ce8\u6307\u6807\uff1a%Cpu(s) \u7684 us\uff08\u7528\u6237\uff09\u3001sy\uff08\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3001id\uff08\u7a7a\u95f2\uff09\u3001wa\uff08IO \u7b49\u5f85\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>mpstat<\/strong>\uff08\u67e5\u770b\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\uff09\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>text<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>sudo apt install sysstat\r\nmpstat 1 5   # \u6bcf\u79d2\u5237\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5171 5 \u6b21<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>vmstat<\/strong>\uff08\u7b80\u6d01\u6982\u89c8\uff09 vmstat 1 # \u6bcf\u79d2\u5237\u65b0\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8 cpu \u5217\u7684 us\/sy\/id\/wa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 dir=\"auto\">2. \u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5<\/h4>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>free -h<\/strong>\uff08\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\uff09 \u91cd\u70b9\u770b available \u5217\uff08\u771f\u6b63\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e free \u5217 Swap \u4f7f\u7528\u7387 &gt; 10% \u901a\u5e38\u8bf4\u660e\u5185\u5b58\u538b\u529b\u5927<\/li>\n<li><strong>vmstat<\/strong>\uff08\u5185\u5b58\u5217 si\/so \u8868\u793a\u6362\u5165\/\u6362\u51fa\uff09 vmstat 1 # si\/so \u6301\u7eed &gt; 0 \u8bf4\u660e\u9891\u7e41 swap\uff0c\u5f88\u5371\u9669<\/li>\n<li><strong>smem<\/strong>\uff08\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u7528\u6237\/\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u9700\u5b89\u88c5 sudo apt install smem\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 dir=\"auto\">3. \u78c1\u76d8\u6027\u80fd\uff08I\/O \u7b49\u5f85 + \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\uff09<\/h4>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>iostat<\/strong>\uff08\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u78c1\u76d8 IO \u5de5\u5177\uff09\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>text<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>iostat -x 1 5    # -x \u663e\u793a\u6269\u5c55\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5171 5 \u6b21<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5173\u6ce8\u6307\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>%util\uff1a\u78c1\u76d8\u5229\u7528\u7387\uff08\u63a5\u8fd1 100% \u8868\u793a\u74f6\u9888\uff09<\/li>\n<li>await\uff1a\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u4e2a IO \u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\uff08&gt; 10ms \u504f\u9ad8\uff0c&gt; 20ms \u5f88\u4e25\u91cd\uff09<\/li>\n<li>r\/s\u3001w\/s\uff1a\u8bfb\u5199 IOPS<\/li>\n<li>rkB\/s\u3001wkB\/s\uff1a\u541e\u5410\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>iotop<\/strong>\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c top \u7684\u78c1\u76d8 IO \u7248\uff09 sudo apt install iotop sudo iotop -o # \u53ea\u663e\u793a\u6709 IO \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/li>\n<li><strong>df -h \/ df -i<\/strong> \u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u548c inode \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\uff08inode \u6ee1\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u78c1\u76d8\u5df2\u6ee1\u4f46 du \u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u201d\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e8c\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0e\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6570\u636e\uff08sysstat \u5957\u4ef6\uff09<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">sysstat \u662f Ubuntu \u4e0a\u6700\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u91c7\u96c6 sar \u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>sudo apt install sysstat\r\nsudo systemctl enable --now sysstat<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u5e38\u7528 sar \u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5386\u53f2\u6570\u636e\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<table dir=\"auto\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th data-col-size=\"sm\">\u547d\u4ee4<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">\u542b\u4e49<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">\u5173\u6ce8\u6307\u6807<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">sar -u 1 5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">CPU \u4f7f\u7528\u7387\uff08\u5b9e\u65f6\uff09<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">%user %system %idle %iowait<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">sar -u<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u5f53\u5929 CPU \u5386\u53f2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">\u770b\u9ad8\u5cf0\u671f %iowait \u662f\u5426\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">sar -r<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u5386\u53f2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">%memused kbmemfree kbbuffers kbscached<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">sar -d<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u78c1\u76d8 IO \u5386\u53f2<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">await svctm %util<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">sar -n DEV 1 5<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u7f51\u5361\u6d41\u91cf<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">rxkB\/s txkB\/s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">sar -q<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e0e\u8fd0\u884c\u961f\u5217<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">runq-sz ldavg-1 ldavg-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u5c0f\u6280\u5de7<\/strong>\uff1a\u628a sar \u505a\u6210\u6bcf\u65e5\u90ae\u4ef6\u62a5\u544a\uff08cron \u4efb\u52a1\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>0 8 * * * \/usr\/bin\/sar -u -r -q -n DEV | mail -s \"\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u65e5\u62a5\" your@email.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e09\u3001\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u4e00\u952e\u76d1\u63a7\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u751f\u4ea7\u9996\u9009\uff09<\/h3>\n<h4 dir=\"auto\">1. netdata\uff08\u6700\u63a8\u8350\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5\u5373\u7528\uff09<\/h4>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u4e00\u952e\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>bash &lt;(curl -Ss https:\/\/my-netdata.io\/kickstart.sh)<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bbf\u95ee http:\/\/\u4f60\u7684IP:19999<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9e\u65f6 + \u5386\u53f2\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4fdd\u7559\u51e0\u5929\u5230\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff09<\/li>\n<li>CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8 IO\u3001\u7f51\u5361\u3001\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001Docker \u7b49\u5168\u8986\u76d6<\/li>\n<li>\u544a\u8b66\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff08\u53ef\u63a5 Slack\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u5fae\u4fe1\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u8d44\u6e90\u5360\u7528\u6781\u4f4e\uff08&lt;1% CPU\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 dir=\"auto\">2. prometheus + node_exporter + grafana<\/h4>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u9002\u5408\u591a\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7edf\u4e00\u76d1\u63a7\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>node_exporter \u91c7\u96c6\u6307\u6807<\/li>\n<li>prometheus \u5b58\u50a8 + \u67e5\u8be2<\/li>\n<li>grafana \u505a\u6f02\u4eae\u4eea\u8868\u76d8<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 dir=\"auto\">3. \u6781\u7b80\u811a\u672c\u76d1\u63a7\uff08\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u73af\u5883\uff09<\/h4>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a shell \u811a\u672c\uff0c\u6bcf\u5206\u949f\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u9608\u503c\u53d1\u90ae\u4ef6\/\u4f01\u4e1a\u5fae\u4fe1\uff1a<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<div data-testid=\"code-block\">\n<div>\n<div>Bash<\/div>\n<div>\n<pre tabindex=\"0\"><code>#!\/bin\/bash\r\nLOAD=$(uptime | awk '{print $(NF-2)}' | tr -d ',')\r\nMEM_USED=$(free -m | awk '\/Mem\/{printf(\"%.0f\"), $3\/$2*100}')\r\nDISK_USED=$(df -h \/ | awk 'NR==2 {print $5}' | tr -d '%')\r\n\r\nif [ ${LOAD%.*} -gt 8 ] || [ $MEM_USED -gt 85 ] || [ ${DISK_USED%?} -gt 90 ]; then\r\n    echo \"\u8b66\u62a5\uff01\u8d1f\u8f7d:$LOAD \u5185\u5b58:$MEM_USED% \u78c1\u76d8:$DISK_USED%\" | mail -s \"\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d44\u6e90\u544a\u8b66\" ops@company.com\r\nfi<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u56db\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u76d1\u63a7\u9ec4\u91d1\u6392\u67e5\u987a\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d8\u6162\/\u5361\u987f\u65f6\uff0c\u6309\u4ee5\u4e0b\u987a\u5e8f 1 \u5206\u949f\u5185\u521d\u6b65\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"auto\">\n<li>uptime \u2192 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u662f\u5426 &gt; \u6838\u5fc3\u6570 \u00d7 1.5\u20132<\/li>\n<li>free -h \u2192 available \u5185\u5b58 &lt; \u603b\u5185\u5b58 20%\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>vmstat 1 5 \u2192 wa\uff08iowait\uff09\u662f\u5426\u6301\u7eed &gt; 20\u201330%\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>iostat -x 1 5 \u2192 \u78c1\u76d8 %util \u662f\u5426\u63a5\u8fd1 100%\uff1fawait \u662f\u5426 &gt; 10\u201320ms\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>top\/htop \u2192 \u524d\u51e0\u540d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u5f02\u5e38\u5403 CPU\/\u5185\u5b58\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>sar -u -r -d\uff08\u5386\u53f2\uff09\u2192 \u5bf9\u6bd4\u5e73\u65f6\u9ad8\u5cf0\u503c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u76d1\u63a7\u9009\u62e9<\/h3>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<table dir=\"auto\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u89c4\u6a21<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xl\">\u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u6848<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"xs\">\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">\u6210\u672c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">1\u20135 \u53f0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">netdata\uff08\u5355\u673a\u7248\uff09<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">\u4f4e<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u51e0\u4e4e 0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">5\u201350 \u53f0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">netdata\uff08\u7236\u5b50\u4e91\uff09\u6216 prometheus+grafana<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">\u4e2d<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u4f4e\u2013\u4e2d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">50+ \u53f0<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xl\">prometheus + grafana + alertmanager<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"xs\">\u9ad8<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u4e2d\u2013\u9ad8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>\u65e0\u8bba\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5148\u628a <strong>netdata<\/strong> \u88c5\u4e0a\uff0c\u80fd\u8986\u76d6 90% \u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u76d1\u63a7\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1 sar \/ iostat \/ vmstat \u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u4ece\u201c\u611f\u89c9\u5361\u201d\u53d8\u6210\u201c\u6570\u636e\u8bf4\u8bdd\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u6545\u969c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u8fd0\u884c Ubuntu \u670d&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-210680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210680"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210680\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210681,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210680\/revisions\/210681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}