{"id":210676,"date":"2026-02-10T19:50:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-10T11:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=210676"},"modified":"2026-02-05T19:51:29","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T11:51:29","slug":"ubuntu-%e8%bd%af%e4%bb%b6%e5%8c%85%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e6%9c%ba%e5%88%b6%e4%b8%8e-apt-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/210676\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u673a\u5236\u4e0e APT \u4f7f\u7528\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ubuntu \u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u5176\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6 Linux \u53d1\u884c\u7248\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u7ee7\u627f\u4e86 Debian \u7684 dpkg \u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5176\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u66f4\u53cb\u597d\u7684 APT \u5c42\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u540e\u6765\u7684 snap\/flatpak \u7b49\u65b0\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u751f\u6001\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u673a\u5236\u8bb2\u8d77\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5230\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 apt install \u8fd9\u4e48\u65b9\u4fbf\u201d\u548c\u201c\u9047\u5230\u4f9d\u8d56\u95ee\u9898\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u5904\u7406\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001Ubuntu \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u56db\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n
    \n
  1. \u6700\u5e95\u5c42\uff1adpkg<\/strong>\n
      \n
    • \u8d1f\u8d23\u771f\u6b63\u201c\u5b89\u88c5\u3001\u5378\u8f7d\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u672c\u5730 .deb \u5305\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/li>\n
    • \u53ea\u5904\u7406\u5355\u4e2a .deb \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u4e0d\u89e3\u51b3\u4f9d\u8d56<\/li>\n
    • \u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u201c\u87ba\u4e1d\u5200\u201d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\u672c\u5730\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • \u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\uff1aAPT\uff08Advanced Package Tool\uff09<\/strong>\n
        \n
      • \u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5c42\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u5929\u6572\u7684 apt \/ apt-get<\/li>\n
      • \u8d1f\u8d23\uff1a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6e90\u5217\u8868 \u2192 \u89e3\u6790\u4f9d\u8d56 \u2192 \u81ea\u52a8\u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56 \u2192 \u5347\u7ea7 \u2192 \u6e05\u7406<\/li>\n
      • \u73b0\u4ee3 Ubuntu\uff0818.04 \u4e4b\u540e\uff09\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528 apt \u800c\u975e apt-get<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • \u4e0a\u5c42\uff1a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\uff08Repositories\uff09<\/strong>\n
          \n
        • \/etc\/apt\/sources.list + \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/*.list<\/li>\n
        • \u5305\u542b main\u3001universe\u3001restricted\u3001multiverse \u56db\u7c7b\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/li>\n
        • \u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9 PPA\uff08Personal Package Archives\uff09\u4e5f\u52a0\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
        • \u6269\u5c55\u5c42\uff1aSnap \/ Flatpak \/ AppImage<\/strong>\n
            \n
          • Snap\uff1aCanonical \u5b98\u65b9\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u6c99\u7bb1\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u81ea\u5e26\u4f9d\u8d56<\/li>\n
          • Flatpak\uff1a\u793e\u533a\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u8de8\u53d1\u884c\u7248<\/li>\n
          • AppImage\uff1a\u514d\u5b89\u88c5\u5355\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f \u2192 \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8d70 apt \u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e76\u884c\u751f\u6001<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            \u4e8c\u3001APT \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u61c2\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\uff09<\/h3>\n

            \u5f53\u4f60\u6267\u884c sudo apt install nginx \u65f6\uff0c\u80cc\u540e\u5b9e\u9645\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. apt update\uff08\u4f60\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u524d\u6267\u884c\uff09 \u2192 \u8bfb\u53d6 \/etc\/apt\/sources.list \u91cc\u7684\u6e90\u5730\u5740 \u2192 \u4e0b\u8f7d Packages \/ Translation \u7b49\u7d22\u5f15\u6587\u4ef6\u5230 \/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/ \u2192 \u5efa\u7acb\u672c\u5730\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/li>\n
            2. apt install nginx \u2192 \u5728\u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u627e nginx \u5305 \u2192 \u5206\u6790\u4f9d\u8d56\u6811\uff08nginx \u2192 libnginx-mod-* \u2192 libc6 \u2192 \u2026\u2026\uff09 \u2192 \u68c0\u67e5\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7d\u54ea\u4e9b .deb \u2192 \u4ece\u955c\u50cf\u7ad9\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5230 \/var\/cache\/apt\/archives\/ \u2192 \u8c03\u7528 dpkg \u4f9d\u6b21\u89e3\u538b\u5b89\u88c5 \u2192 \u914d\u7f6e postinst \u811a\u672c\uff08\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u914d\u7f6e\u7b49\uff09<\/li>\n
            3. \u5378\u8f7d \/ \u5347\u7ea7 \/ \u6e05\u7406 \u7c7b\u4f3c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u6216\u589e\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \u4e09\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u6700\u5e38\u7528 APT \u547d\u4ee4\u901f\u67e5<\/h3>\n
              \n
              \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \u529f\u80fd<\/th>\n\u63a8\u8350\u547d\u4ee4<\/th>\n\u8001\u5199\u6cd5\uff08\u4ecd\u6709\u6548\uff09<\/th>\n\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0e\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              \u5237\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u7d22\u5f15<\/td>\nsudo apt update<\/td>\napt-get update<\/td>\n\u4efb\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u5fc5\u505a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u5347\u7ea7\u6240\u6709\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/td>\nsudo apt upgrade<\/td>\napt-get upgrade<\/td>\n\u65e5\u5e38\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u5904\u7406\u4f9d\u8d56\u53d8\u66f4\u5347\u7ea7<\/td>\nsudo apt full-upgrade<\/td>\napt-get dist-upgrade<\/td>\n\u5185\u6838\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u5e93\u5347\u7ea7\u65f6\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/td>\nsudo apt install \u5305\u540d<\/td>\napt-get install<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301\u540c\u65f6\u88c5\u591a\u4e2a\u5305<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u641c\u7d22\u5305<\/td>\napt search \u5173\u952e\u8bcd<\/td>\napt-cache search<\/td>\n\u6a21\u7cca\u627e\u5305\u540d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u663e\u793a\u5305\u8be6\u60c5<\/td>\napt show \u5305\u540d<\/td>\napt-cache show<\/td>\n\u7248\u672c\u3001\u4f9d\u8d56\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u5217\u51fa\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5305<\/td>\napt list –installed<\/td>\ndpkg -l<\/td>\n\u66f4\u4eba\u6027\u5316<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u79fb\u9664\u8f6f\u4ef6<\/td>\nsudo apt remove \u5305\u540d<\/td>\napt-get remove<\/td>\n\u4fdd\u7559\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u5f7b\u5e95\u79fb\u9664<\/td>\nsudo apt purge \u5305\u540d<\/td>\napt-get purge<\/td>\n\u8fde\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4e00\u8d77\u5220<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u6e05\u7406\u65e0\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56<\/td>\nsudo apt autoremove<\/td>\napt-get autoremove<\/td>\n\u5347\u7ea7\u540e\u5fc5\u8dd1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u6e05\u7406\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7f13\u5b58<\/td>\nsudo apt clean<\/td>\napt-get clean<\/td>\n\u91ca\u653e \/var\/cache \u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u4fee\u590d\u7834\u635f\u4f9d\u8d56<\/td>\nsudo apt install -f<\/td>\napt-get install -f<\/td>\n\u4f9d\u8d56\u5730\u72f1\u6551\u547d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u68c0\u67e5\u9700\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\nsudo needrestart<\/td>\n\u2014<\/td>\n\u5347\u7ea7\u5185\u6838\/\u5e93\u540e\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
              <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

              \u56db\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def<\/h3>\n
              \n
              \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \u95ee\u9898<\/th>\n\u5178\u578b\u8868\u73b0<\/th>\n\u89e3\u51b3\u601d\u8def<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              \u4f9d\u8d56\u51b2\u7a81<\/td>\n\u201c\u6709\u672a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u201d<\/td>\napt install -f \u6216 aptitude<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u6e90\u6709\u95ee\u9898 \/ 404<\/td>\nupdate \u65f6\u62a5\u9519<\/td>\n\u6362\u955c\u50cf\uff08\u6e05\u534e\/\u963f\u91cc\/\u4e2d\u79d1\u5927\uff09\u6216\u5220\u9664\u574f\u6e90<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              PPA \u8fc7\u65f6 \/ \u7b7e\u540d\u5931\u6548<\/td>\n\u201cNO_PUBKEY\u201d \u6216 \u201c404\u201d<\/td>\nsudo apt-key adv \u6216\u76f4\u63a5 rm \u8be5\u6e90\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u60f3\u88c5\u65e7\u7248\u672c<\/td>\n\u5305\u540d=\u7248\u672c\u53f7<\/td>\napt install nginx=1.18.0-*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u60f3\u9501\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e2a\u5305\u4e0d\u5347\u7ea7<\/td>\napt-mark hold \u5305\u540d<\/td>\n\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5e38\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u592a\u6162<\/td>\n\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5361\u4f4f<\/td>\n\u9009\u5c31\u8fd1\u955c\u50cf\u7ad9 + \u591a\u6e90\u5e76\u884c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
              <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

              \u4e94\u3001\u8fdb\u9636\u5b9e\u7528\u6280\u5de7<\/h3>\n
                \n
              1. \u6362\u56fd\u5185\u9ad8\u901f\u955c\u50cf\uff08\u63a8\u8350\uff09<\/strong> \u6e05\u534e\u6e90\u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u9002\u7528\u4e8e 24.04\uff09\uff1a\n
                \n
                \n
                \n
                text<\/div>\n
                <\/div>\n
                \n
                deb https:\/\/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/ubuntu\/ noble main restricted universe multiverse\r\ndeb https:\/\/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/ubuntu\/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse\r\ndeb https:\/\/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/ubuntu\/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse\r\ndeb https:\/\/mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\/ubuntu\/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
              2. alias \u65e5\u5e38\u7ec4\u5408\uff08\u52a0\u5230 ~\/.bashrc\uff09<\/strong>\n
                \n
                \n
                \n
                text<\/div>\n
                <\/div>\n
                \n
                alias uu=\"sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y && sudo apt autoremove -y && sudo needrestart\"\r\nalias ai=\"sudo apt install\"\r\nalias as=\"apt search\"\r\nalias ap=\"sudo apt purge\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n
              3. \u67e5\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u5305\u5230\u5e95\u88c5\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong> dpkg -L \u5305\u540d \u6216 apt-file list \u5305\u540d\uff08\u9700\u5148 apt install apt-file && apt-file update\uff09<\/li>\n
              4. \u4f18\u5148\u4f7f\u7528 apt \u800c\u975e apt-get<\/strong> apt \u547d\u4ee4\u66f4\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u3001\u6709\u8fdb\u5ea6\u6761\u3001\u989c\u8272\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u957f\u671f\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\uff1aAPT \u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n
                \u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a \u201cAPT \u662f\u5e2e\u4f60\u89e3\u51b3\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u8c03\u5ea6\u5668\uff0cdpkg \u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5e72\u6d3b\u7684\u5de5\u4eba\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u662f\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4ed3\u5e93\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n
                \u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u540e\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u5224\u65ad\uff1a<\/p>\n
                  \n
                • \u662f\u6e90\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1f \u2192 \u68c0\u67e5 sources.list<\/li>\n
                • \u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u51b2\u7a81\uff1f \u2192 install -f \/ aptitude<\/li>\n
                • \u662f\u7f13\u5b58\u8fc7\u671f\uff1f \u2192 apt update && apt clean<\/li>\n
                • \u662f\u60f3\u88c5\u7279\u6b8a\u7248\u672c\uff1f \u2192 \u5305\u540d=\u7248\u672c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                  \u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1 APT \u540e\uff0cUbuntu \u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u4f53\u9a8c\u4f1a\u8fdc\u8d85\u5176\u4ed6\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4f60\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6700\u7701\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
                  Ubuntu \u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u5176\u533a...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-210676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210676"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210677,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210676\/revisions\/210677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}