{"id":210674,"date":"2026-02-09T19:47:42","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T11:47:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=210674"},"modified":"2026-02-05T19:49:19","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T11:49:19","slug":"ubuntu-%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%a1%8c%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7%e9%80%9f%e6%9f%a5%e4%b8%8e%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/210674\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u901f\u67e5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728 Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u6545\u969c\u6392\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u9ad8\u9891\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u80fd\u8ba9\u4f60\u5728 90% \u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u67e5\u6587\u6863\u6216\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u3002\u672c\u6587\u628a\u6700\u5b9e\u7528\u3001\u6700\u5e38\u6572\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u6309\u529f\u80fd\u573a\u666f\u5206\u7c7b\u6574\u7406\uff0c\u6bcf\u7c7b\u53ea\u5217\u51fa 3\u20138 \u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u8bf4\u660e\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7528\u5b83<\/strong>\u3001\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5199\u6cd5<\/strong>\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b9e\u8df5\u573a\u666f<\/strong>\u3002\u9002\u5408\u4e2d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6237\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u4e60\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u5408\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u65b0\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u547d\u4ee4\u808c\u8089\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u4e00\u76ee\u4e86\u7136<\/h3>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5de5\u5177<\/th>\n\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u5199\u6cd5<\/th>\n\u5b9e\u8df5\u573a\u666f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
uptime<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u7528\u6237\u6570<\/td>\nuptime<\/td>\n\u767b\u5f55\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u770b 1\/5\/15 \u5206\u949f\u8d1f\u8f7d\u662f\u5426\u5f02\u5e38<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
free<\/td>\n\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u6982\u89c8<\/td>\nfree -h<\/td>\n\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\uff08\u770b available \u5217\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
df<\/td>\n\u78c1\u76d8\u7a7a\u95f4<\/td>\ndf -h \/ df -i<\/td>\n\u6392\u67e5\u201c\u78c1\u76d8\u5df2\u6ee1\u201d\u6216\u201c\u65e0\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u201d\uff08inode \u8017\u5c3d\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
top \/ htop<\/td>\n\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u76d1\u63a7<\/td>\nhtop\uff08\u9700\u5b89\u88c5\uff09<\/td>\n\u5feb\u901f\u627e\u5230 CPU\/\u5185\u5b58\/IO \u5403\u5149\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ss<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3<\/td>\nss -tulnp \/ ss -tunap<\/td>\n\u53d6\u4ee3 netstat\uff0c\u67e5\u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5360\u7528\u4e86 3306\/80 \u7aef\u53e3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u5c0f\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a 5 \u79d2\u5de1\u68c0\u522b\u540d alias check=’echo “\u8d1f\u8f7d:” $(uptime | awk “{print $(NF-2)}”) ” | \u5185\u5b58:” $(free -h | awk “NR==2{print $NF}”) ” | \u78c1\u76d8:” $(df -h \/ | tail -1 | awk “{print $5}”)’<\/p>\n

2. \u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u627e\u4e0e\u5185\u5bb9\u67e5\u770b<\/h3>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5de5\u5177<\/th>\n\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u5199\u6cd5<\/th>\n\u5b9e\u8df5\u573a\u666f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
find<\/td>\n\u6309\u6761\u4ef6\u627e\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55<\/td>\nfind \/var\/log -type f -size +100M<\/td>\n\u627e\u51fa\u5927\u4e8e 100MB \u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
locate<\/td>\n\u5feb\u901f\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u641c\u7d22<\/td>\nsudo updatedb && locate nginx.conf<\/td>\n\u6bd4 find \u5feb 100 \u500d\uff08\u9700\u5148\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
grep<\/td>\n\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22<\/td>\ngrep -r “error” \/var\/log<\/td>\n\u5728\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\u91cc\u627e\u9519\u8bef\u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
tail<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5c3e\u90e8<\/td>\ntail -n 100 -f access.log<\/td>\n\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
less \/ more<\/td>\n\u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b\u5927\u6587\u4ef6<\/td>\nless \/var\/log\/syslog<\/td>\n\u652f\u6301 \/ \u641c\u7d22\u3001\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ffb\u9875<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u5c0f\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\uff1a\u67e5\u627e\u6700\u8fd1\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5927\u6587\u4ef6 find \/ -type f -mtime -7 -size +500M 2>\/dev\/null | sort -k 5 -n<\/p>\n

3. \u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\uff08systemd \u65f6\u4ee3\uff09<\/h3>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5de5\u5177<\/th>\n\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u5199\u6cd5<\/th>\n\u5b9e\u8df5\u573a\u666f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
systemctl<\/td>\n\u670d\u52a1\u63a7\u5236<\/td>\nsystemctl status\/restart nginx<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u3001\u91cd\u542f\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
journalctl<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b systemd \u65e5\u5fd7<\/td>\njournalctl -u nginx -n 200 -f<\/td>\n\u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a nginx \u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ps<\/td>\n\u5217\u51fa\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\nps aux<\/td>\ngrep php<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pkill \/ killall<\/td>\n\u6309\u540d\u5b57\u6740\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\npkill -f “php-fpm”<\/td>\n\u5feb\u901f\u6740\u6389\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
nice \/ renice<\/td>\n\u8c03\u6574\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/td>\nrenice -n 10 -p PID<\/td>\n\u964d\u4f4e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5360\u7528 CPU \u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u5c0f\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u952e\u91cd\u542f\u5361\u4f4f\u7684\u670d\u52a1 systemctl restart $(systemctl list-units –state=failed –type=service | grep failed | awk ‘{print $1}’ | sed ‘s\/.service$\/\/’)<\/p>\n

4. \u7f51\u7edc\u8bca\u65ad\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5de5\u5177<\/th>\n\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u5199\u6cd5<\/th>\n\u5b9e\u8df5\u573a\u666f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
ip<\/td>\n\u73b0\u4ee3\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u67e5\u770b<\/td>\nip a \/ ip route<\/td>\n\u53d6\u4ee3 ifconfig\uff0c\u770b IP\u3001\u8def\u7531<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ping \/ mtr<\/td>\n\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u4e0e\u8def\u5f84\u8ffd\u8e2a<\/td>\nmtr -r -c 100 baidu.com<\/td>\n\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u54ea\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e22\u5305\u4e25\u91cd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
curl<\/td>\n\u6d4b\u8bd5 HTTP\/\u63a5\u53e3<\/td>\ncurl -I https:\/\/example.com<\/td>\n\u53ea\u770b\u54cd\u5e94\u5934\uff0c\u5224\u65ad\u7ad9\u70b9\u662f\u5426 200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ss<\/td>\n\u9ad8\u7ea7 socket \u7edf\u8ba1<\/td>\nss -s \/ ss -m<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b TCP\/UDP \u8fde\u63a5\u7edf\u8ba1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dig \/ nslookup<\/td>\nDNS \u67e5\u8be2<\/td>\ndig +short www.google.com<\/td>\n\u5feb\u901f\u9a8c\u8bc1 DNS \u89e3\u6790\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u5c0f\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5feb\u901f\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ad9\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u901a curl -s -o \/dev\/null -w “%{http_code}” https:\/\/yourdomain.com<\/p>\n

5. \u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4<\/h3>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5de5\u5177<\/th>\n\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u5199\u6cd5<\/th>\n\u5b9e\u8df5\u573a\u666f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
apt<\/td>\n\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u7ba1\u7406<\/td>\napt update && apt upgrade<\/td>\n\u65e5\u5e38\u66f4\u65b0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
apt search \/ apt show<\/td>\n\u67e5\u627e\/\u67e5\u770b\u5305\u4fe1\u606f<\/td>\napt show nginx<\/td>\n\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5b89\u88c5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5305<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
dpkg<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5305<\/td>\ndpkg -l<\/td>\ngrep mysql<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
needrestart<\/td>\n\u68c0\u67e5\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u9700\u91cd\u542f\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\nsudo needrestart<\/td>\n\u5347\u7ea7\u5185\u6838\/\u5e93\u540e\u5fc5\u8dd1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
unattended-upgrades<\/td>\n\u81ea\u52a8\u5b89\u5168\u66f4\u65b0<\/td>\ndpkg-reconfigure unattended-upgrades<\/td>\n\u5f00\u542f\u540e\u81ea\u52a8\u6253\u5b89\u5168\u8865\u4e01<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u5c0f\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u952e\u5b89\u5168\u5347\u7ea7 + \u6e05\u7406 alias uu=’sudo apt update && sudo apt full-upgrade -y && sudo apt autoremove -y && sudo needrestart’<\/p>\n

6. \u78c1\u76d8\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5de5\u5177<\/th>\n\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u5199\u6cd5<\/th>\n\u5b9e\u8df5\u573a\u666f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
du<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u5f55\u5360\u7528<\/td>\ndu -sh \/*<\/td>\nsort -hr<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ncdu<\/td>\n\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f du<\/td>\nncdu \/<\/td>\n\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u4e00\u6837\u6d4f\u89c8\u5360\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
df<\/td>\n\u7a7a\u95f4\u6982\u89c8<\/td>\ndf -hT<\/td>\n\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7387<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
fstrim<\/td>\nSSD \u5b9a\u671f TRIM<\/td>\nfstrim -av<\/td>\n\u4fdd\u6301 SSD \u6027\u80fd\uff08cron \u6bcf\u5468\u8dd1\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u5c0f\u5b9e\u8df5<\/strong>\uff1a\u627e\u51fa\u5360\u7528\u6700\u5927\u7684\u524d 10 \u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55 du -sh \/* 2>\/dev\/null | sort -hr | head -10<\/p>\n

7. \u5176\u4ed6\u9ad8\u9891\u6551\u547d\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n
\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5de5\u5177<\/th>\n\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n\u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
watch<\/td>\n\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/td>\nwatch -n 2 free -h<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
screen \/ tmux<\/td>\n\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6301\u4e45\u5316<\/td>\ntmux new -s work<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
crontab<\/td>\n\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1<\/td>\ncrontab -e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
rsync<\/td>\n\u589e\u91cf\u540c\u6b65<\/td>\nrsync -avz –delete src\/ dest\/<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
jq<\/td>\n\u5904\u7406 JSON<\/td>\ncurl api<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4f60\u7684\u201c\u9ec4\u91d1\u5de5\u5177\u94fe\u201d<\/h3>\n

\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6545\u969c\u7684 30 \u79d2\u521d\u6b65\u5b9a\u4f4d\u987a\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\uff1a uptime \u2192 free -h \u2192 df -h\/-i \u2192 top\/htop \u2192 journalctl -xe \u2192 ss -tulnp<\/p>\n

\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u719f\u7ec3\u5230\u201c\u770b\u5230\u73b0\u8c61\u5c31\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u5bf9\u5e94\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6548\u7387\u4f1a\u63d0\u5347\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5efa\u8bae\u505a\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u628a\u5e38\u7528\u7684 5\u201310 \u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u505a\u6210 shell \u522b\u540d\uff08~\/.bashrc\uff09<\/li>\n
  • \u6bcf\u5468\u82b1 10 \u5206\u949f\u590d\u4e60 1\u20132 \u4e2a\u4e0d\u719f\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/li>\n
  • \u9047\u5230\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5148\u9ed8\u5ff5\u4e00\u904d\u4e0a\u9762\u9ec4\u91d1\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7acb\u523b\u53bb Google<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u51e0\u4e4e\u8986\u76d6\u4e86 Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668 80% \u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u64cd\u4f5c\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u7684 20% \u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u9700\u8981\u67e5\u6587\u6863\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u5728 Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-210674","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210674","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210674"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210674\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210675,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210674\/revisions\/210675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210674"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210674"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}