{"id":210672,"date":"2026-02-08T19:45:32","date_gmt":"2026-02-08T11:45:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=210672"},"modified":"2026-02-05T19:46:49","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T11:46:49","slug":"ubuntu-%e7%94%a8%e6%88%b7%e4%b8%8e%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e5%ae%8c%e6%95%b4%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/210672\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu \u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u5b8c\u6574\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"auto\">\u5728 Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u670d\u52a1\u65e0\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u3001\u8bef\u5220\u9664\u5173\u952e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u6076\u610f\u5229\u7528\u63d0\u6743\u3002\u672c\u6587\u805a\u7126\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u6700\u5b9e\u7528\u3001\u6700\u5e38\u8e29\u5751\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u5806\u780c\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7528\u6587\u5b57\u8bf4\u660e\u601d\u8def\u4e0e\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5efa\u7acb\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u6743\u9650\u601d\u7ef4\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e00\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u5feb\u901f\u5efa\u7acb\u8ba4\u77e5<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u7528\u6237<\/strong>\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u80fd\u767b\u5f55\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u90fd\u6709\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u8bc6\uff08UID\uff09\uff0croot \u662f 0\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u901a\u5e38\u4ece 1000 \u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7ec4<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff0c\u7ec4\u662f\u6279\u91cf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u5feb\u6377\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5230 docker \u7ec4\u5c31\u80fd\u65e0 sudo \u7528 docker\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6743\u9650\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4<\/strong>\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6743\u9650\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u201d\u201c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u201d\u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u201d\u4e09\u7c7b\uff0c\u6bcf\u7c7b\u6709\u8bfb(r)\u3001\u5199(w)\u3001\u6267\u884c(x)\u4e09\u79cd\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>sudo<\/strong>\uff1a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4e34\u65f6\u4ee5 root \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u63d0\u6743\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7279\u6b8a\u6743\u9650<\/strong>\uff1aSUID\uff08\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4ee5\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u8eab\u4efd\u8fd0\u884c\uff09\u3001SGID\uff08\u76ee\u5f55\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\u7ee7\u627f\u7ec4\uff09\u3001Sticky bit\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u80fd\u5220\u9664\uff09\u2014\u2014\u751f\u4ea7\u4e2d\u614e\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e8c\u3001\u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u8def\u4e0e\u5e38\u7528\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<ol dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u67e5\u770b\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong> \u767b\u5f55\u540e\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a\u786e\u8ba4\u201c\u6211\u662f\u8c01\u3001\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u7ec4\u201d\u3002 \u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\uff1awhoami\uff08\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09\u3001id\uff08UID\u3001GID\u3001\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\uff09\u3001groups\uff08\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u5217\u8868\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u521b\u5efa\u7528\u6237<\/strong> \u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5f3a\u70c8\u63a8\u8350\u7528 adduser \u800c\u975e useradd\uff1a\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5bc6\u7801\u3001\u586b\u5199\u5907\u6ce8\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9002\u5408\u7ed9\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u8fd0\u7ef4\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4eba\u5458\u521b\u5efa\u8d26\u53f7\u3002 \u521b\u5efa\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u52a0\u5165\u5fc5\u8981\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 sudo\uff08\u53ef\u63d0\u6743\uff09\u3001docker\uff08\u5bb9\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u7981\u7528\u7528\u6237<\/strong>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u52a0\u5165\/\u79fb\u9664\u7ec4\uff1ausermod -aG \u7ec4\u540d \u7528\u6237\u540d\uff08-a \u5343\u4e07\u522b\u5fd8\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u539f\u6709\u7ec4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7981\u6b62\u767b\u5f55\uff1a\u628a shell \u6539\u4e3a \/usr\/sbin\/nologin \u6216 \/bin\/false\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u8d26\u53f7\u5e38\u7528\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9501\u5b9a\/\u89e3\u9501\u8d26\u53f7\uff1ausermod -L \/ -U\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\uff1achage -l \u7528\u6237\u540d\uff08\u8fc7\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u6700\u77ed\u4f7f\u7528\u5929\u6570\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5220\u9664\u7528\u6237<\/strong> \u52a1\u5fc5\u5e26\u4e0a &#8211;remove-home \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5f7b\u5e95\u6e05\u7406\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6b8b\u7559\u654f\u611f\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5982 .ssh\/authorized_keys\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e09\u3001\u7ec4\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u539f\u5219<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e38\u7528\u7ec4\uff1asudo\uff08\u63d0\u6743\uff09\u3001adm\uff08\u8bfb\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09\u3001www-data\uff08Web \u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff09\u3001docker\u3001video\uff08GPU \u8bbf\u95ee\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6279\u91cf\u6388\u6743\u4f18\u5148\u7528\u7ec4\u800c\u975e\u5355\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u8fd0\u7ef4\u56e2\u961f\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a ops \u7ec4\uff0c\u518d\u7ed9 ops \u7ec4\u6388\u6743\u7279\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u907f\u514d\u628a\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5230 root \u7ec4\uff08\u6781\u5ea6\u5371\u9669\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u56db\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u601d\u7ef4<\/h3>\n<ol dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u8bfb\u61c2 ls -l \u8f93\u51fa<\/strong> \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a-rw-r&#8212;&#8211; 1 root www-data 4096 Oct 10 config.conf \u2192 \u62e5\u6709\u8005 root \u53ef\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4 www-data \u53ea\u8bfb\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u65e0\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e38\u7528\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u7f6e\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u811a\u672c\/\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6 \u2192 755\uff08\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u5168\u6743\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ef\u8bfb\u53ef\u6267\u884c\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 \u2192 640 \u6216 600\uff08\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u8bfb\u5199\uff0c\u7ec4\u53ea\u8bfb\u6216\u65e0\u6743\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u654f\u611f\u76ee\u5f55 \u2192 750\uff08\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u5168\u6743\uff0c\u7ec4\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u65e0\u6743\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u516c\u5f00\u8bfb\u53d6\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u5982 \/var\/www\/html\uff09\u2192 755<\/li>\n<li>\u7981\u6b62\u5199\u5165 \u2192 \u907f\u514d 777\uff08\u6781\u5ea6\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u90fd\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539<\/strong> \u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u53d8\u66f4\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u52a0 -R\uff08\u9012\u5f52\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5148 ls \u786e\u8ba4\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8bef\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u76ee\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e94\u3001sudo \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u751f\u4ea7\u5fc5\u505a\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u7f16\u8f91 \/etc\/sudoers\uff0c\u6539\u7528 \/etc\/sudoers.d\/ \u4e0b\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5178\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u5199\u6cd5\u601d\u8def\uff1a\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u65e0\u5bc6\u7801\u6267\u884c\u6709\u9650\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u91cd\u542f nginx\u3001\u67e5\u770b\u65e5\u5fd7\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5141\u8bb8\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u8eab\u4efd\u8fd0\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7981\u6b62\u5371\u9669\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u8981\u6c42\u5bc6\u7801\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5173\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1avisudo -c\uff08\u68c0\u67e5\u6240\u6709 sudoers \u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5408\u6cd5\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u516d\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<ol dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219<\/strong> \u6240\u6709\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5c3d\u91cf\u7528\u72ec\u7acb\u975e root \u7528\u6237\u8fd0\u884c\uff08nginx \u7528 www-data\uff0cmysql \u7528 mysql\uff0cpostgres \u7528 postgres\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7981\u7528 root \u76f4\u63a5\u767b\u5f55<\/strong> SSH \u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5bc6\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\uff0c\u4e14\u7981\u7528 root \u5bc6\u7801\/\u5bc6\u94a5\u767b\u5f55\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5bc6\u94a5\u4f18\u5148\uff0c\u5bc6\u7801\u4e3a\u8f85<\/strong> \u5168\u9762\u8f6c\u5411 ed25519 \u5bc6\u94a5\uff0c\u7981\u7528\u5bc6\u7801\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff08PasswordAuthentication no\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0e umask<\/strong> \u9ed8\u8ba4\u65b0\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u6743\u9650\u5efa\u8bae umask 027\uff08\u6587\u4ef6 640\uff0c\u76ee\u5f55 750\uff09\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u610f\u5916\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/strong>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u6700\u8fd1 sudo \u4f7f\u7528\u8bb0\u5f55\uff08grep sudo \/var\/log\/auth.log\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5 SUID\/SGID \u6587\u4ef6\uff08find \/ -perm -4000 -o -perm -2000\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u76d1\u63a7\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff08grep Failed \/var\/log\/auth.log\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>fail2ban + ufw \u7ec4\u5408<\/strong> \u9632\u66b4\u529b\u7834\u89e3 + \u6700\u5c0f\u7aef\u53e3\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u662f\u6743\u9650\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u9053\u9632\u7ebf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u4e03\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u67e5\u53e3\u8bc0\uff08\u80cc\u4e0b\u6765\u7528\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u6211\u662f\u8c01\uff1f \u2192 whoami \/ id<\/li>\n<li>\u6211\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6743\u9650\uff1f \u2192 groups \/ id -Gn<\/li>\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u8c01\u80fd\u52a8\uff1f \u2192 ls -l\uff08\u518d\u770b getfacl \u5982\u679c\u7528\u4e86 ACL\uff09<\/li>\n<li>\u8c01\u6700\u8fd1\u767b\u5f55\/\u7528\u4e86 sudo\uff1f \u2192 last \/ grep sudo \/var\/log\/auth.log<\/li>\n<li>\u5bc6\u7801\u7b56\u7565\u5982\u4f55\uff1f \u2192 chage -l \u7528\u6237\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u601d\u8def\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u201c\u770b\u5230\u6743\u9650\u95ee\u9898\u5c31 chmod 777\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u80fd\u7cbe\u51c6\u5224\u65ad\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5e94\u8be5\u7ed9\u8c01\u3001\u7ed9\u591a\u5c11\u6743\u9650\u201d\u3002\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u6ca1\u6709\u6377\u5f84\uff0c\u4f46\u5efa\u7acb\u597d\u201c\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650 + \u7ec4\u6279\u91cf\u6388\u6743 + sudo \u7cbe\u7ec6\u63a7\u5236\u201d\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c90% \u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728 Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-210672","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210672","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210672"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210672\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210673,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210672\/revisions\/210673"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}