{"id":210660,"date":"2026-02-03T19:31:54","date_gmt":"2026-02-03T11:31:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=210660"},"modified":"2026-02-05T19:33:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-05T11:33:34","slug":"ubuntu-%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e6%96%b0%e6%89%8b%e5%bf%85%e4%bc%9a%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e7%a1%80%e6%93%8d%e4%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/210660\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u65b0\u624b\u5fc5\u4f1a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"auto\">Ubuntu Server \u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684 Linux \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u884c\u7248\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7f51\u7ad9\u6258\u7ba1\u3001\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u624b\uff0c\u5165\u95e8\u9636\u6bb5\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5148\u719f\u6089\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08CLI\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u9760\u7ec8\u7aef\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u8fd9\u4efd\u6307\u5357\u9488\u5bf9\u96f6\u57fa\u7840\u6216\u521a\u63a5\u89e6 Ubuntu Server \u7684\u65b0\u624b\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u4f1a\u7528\u5230\u3001\u9519\u4e86\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u5927\u4e8b\u201d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5185\u5bb9\u57fa\u4e8e 2024-2026 \u5e74\u4e3b\u6d41 LTS \u7248\u672c\uff0822.04 \/ 24.04 \/ 26.04\uff09\uff0c\u6309\u5b9e\u9645\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u6392\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">1. \u767b\u5f55\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u5148\u505a\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>whoami<\/strong> \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u540d\u3002\u9632\u6b62\u4f60\u5728 root \u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u4e0b\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>hostname<\/strong> \u6216 <strong>hostnamectl<\/strong> \u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7248\u672c\u3001\u5185\u6838\u7b49\u3002hostnamectl \u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>pwd<\/strong> \u663e\u793a\u4f60\u5f53\u524d\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\uff08Print Working Directory\uff09\u3002\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8ff7\u8def\uff0c\u5148\u6572\u8fd9\u4e2a\u786e\u8ba4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>cd<\/strong> \u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u5199\u6cd5\uff1a\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>cd ~ \u2192 \u56de\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\/home\/\u4f60\u7684\u7528\u6237\u540d\uff09<\/li>\n<li>cd \/ \u2192 \u56de\u5230\u6839\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>cd .. \u2192 \u4e0a\u4e00\u7ea7\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li>cd &#8211; \u2192 \u56de\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u8d85\u7ea7\u5b9e\u7528\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">2. \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u67e5\u770b\uff08ls \u5bb6\u65cf\u662f\u65e5\u5e38\u6838\u5fc3\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>ls<\/strong> \u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u52a0\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>ls -l \u2192 \u8be6\u7ec6\u5217\u8868\uff08\u6743\u9650\u3001\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\uff09<\/li>\n<li>ls -la \u2192 \u663e\u793a\u9690\u85cf\u6587\u4ef6\uff08. \u5f00\u5934\u7684\uff09<\/li>\n<li>ls -lh \u2192 \u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u5927\u5c0f\uff08KB\u3001MB \u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b57\u8282\uff09<\/li>\n<li>ls -latr \u2192 \u6309\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u5012\u5e8f\uff08\u6700\u65b0\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u6700\u540e\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>tree<\/strong>\uff08\u9700\u5148\u5b89\u88c5 sudo apt install tree\uff09 \u4ee5\u6811\u72b6\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u89c2\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">3. \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa\/\u5220\u9664\uff08\u5c0f\u5fc3\u64cd\u4f5c\uff01\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>mkdir \u76ee\u5f55\u540d<\/strong> \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5e38\u7528\uff1amkdir -p \/path\/to\/deep\/dir\uff08\u81ea\u52a8\u521b\u5efa\u4e2d\u95f4\u76ee\u5f55\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>touch \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong> \u521b\u5efa\u7a7a\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u5df2\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6233\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>rm \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong> \u5220\u9664\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<strong>rm -r \u76ee\u5f55<\/strong> \u5220\u9664\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u9012\u5f52\uff09\u3002 <strong>rm -rf \u76ee\u5f55<\/strong> \u5f3a\u5236\u9012\u5f52\u5220\u9664\uff08\u6700\u5371\u9669\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u65b0\u624b\u614e\u7528\uff01\u5efa\u8bae\u5148 ls \u786e\u8ba4\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>cp \u6765\u6e90 \u76ee\u6807<\/strong> \u590d\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\/\u76ee\u5f55\u3002\u5e38\u7528\uff1acp -r \u6e90\u76ee\u5f55 \u76ee\u6807\u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u590d\u5236\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>mv \u6765\u6e90 \u76ee\u6807<\/strong> \u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u3002mv file.txt newname.txt\uff08\u91cd\u547d\u540d\uff09\uff0cmv dir \/new\/path\uff08\u79fb\u52a8\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">4. \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u8bfb\u6587\u4ef6\u5fc5\u5907\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>cat \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong> \u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u663e\u793a\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>less \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong> \u6216 <strong>more \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong> \u5206\u9875\u67e5\u770b\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u3002less \u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\uff08\u652f\u6301\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ffb\u3001\u641c\u7d22 \/\u5173\u952e\u8bcd \u56de\u8f66\u3001q \u9000\u51fa\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>head -n 20 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong> \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u524d 20 \u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>tail -n 50 \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong> \u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u540e 50 \u884c\u3002<strong>tail -f \u6587\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong> \u5b9e\u65f6\u8ddf\u8e2a\uff08\u65e5\u5fd7\u67e5\u770b\u795e\u5668\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">5. \u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b89\u88c5\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\uff08APT \u662f Ubuntu \u7684\u547d\u8109\uff09<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u6240\u6709\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u5148\u66f4\u65b0\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>sudo apt update<\/strong> \u5237\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u6e90\u5217\u8868\uff08\u6bcf\u5929\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>sudo apt upgrade<\/strong> \u5347\u7ea7\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff08-y \u53ef\u81ea\u52a8\u786e\u8ba4\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>sudo apt install \u8f6f\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong> \u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1asudo apt install vim htop net-tools curl wget git<\/li>\n<li><strong>sudo apt remove \u8f6f\u4ef6\u540d<\/strong> \u5378\u8f7d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<strong>sudo apt autoremove<\/strong> \u6e05\u7406\u65e0\u7528\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>sudo apt search \u5173\u952e\u8bcd<\/strong> \u641c\u7d22\u53ef\u7528\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">6. \u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u770b\uff08\u5224\u65ad\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5065\u5eb7\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>uptime<\/strong> \u663e\u793a\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff081\/5\/15 \u5206\u949f\uff09\u3002\u8d1f\u8f7d &gt; CPU \u6838\u5fc3\u6570 \u00d7 1.5 \u5c31\u504f\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>free -h<\/strong> \u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\uff08\u5173\u6ce8 available \u5217\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>df -h<\/strong> \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u76d8\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<strong>df -i<\/strong> \u68c0\u67e5 inode \u662f\u5426\u8017\u5c3d\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>top<\/strong> \u6216 <strong>htop<\/strong>\uff08\u63a8\u8350\u5b89\u88c5 sudo apt install htop\uff09 \u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u63a7\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001CPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3002htop \u754c\u9762\u66f4\u53cb\u597d\uff0c\u6309 q \u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">7. \u6743\u9650\u57fa\u7840\uff08\u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u8e29\u5751\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>ls -l<\/strong> \u663e\u793a\u6743\u9650\uff08-rw-r&#8211;r&#8211; \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff09\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\uff1ad=\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c-=\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li>\u540e\u9762\u4e09\u7ec4\uff1a\u62e5\u6709\u8005 \/ \u7ec4 \/ \u5176\u4ed6\u4eba \u7684\u8bfb(r)\u5199(w)\u6267\u884c(x)\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>chmod<\/strong> \u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650 \u5e38\u7528\uff1achmod +x script.sh\uff08\u7ed9\u811a\u672c\u52a0\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff09 chmod 755 \u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u62e5\u6709\u8005\u5168\u6743\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8bfb+\u6267\u884c\uff09<\/li>\n<li><strong>chown<\/strong> \u6539\u62e5\u6709\u8005 sudo chown -R \u7528\u6237:\u7ec4 \u76ee\u5f55\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u4fee\u6539\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">8. \u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0e\u6c42\u6551\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u5361\u4f4f\u65f6\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\uff09<\/h3>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>man \u547d\u4ee4\u540d<\/strong> \u67e5\u770b\u547d\u4ee4\u624b\u518c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 man ls\uff09\u3002\u6309 q \u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u547d\u4ee4 &#8211;help<\/strong> \u6216 <strong>\u547d\u4ee4 -h<\/strong> \u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u770b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>whatis \u547d\u4ee4\u540d<\/strong> \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u89e3\u91ca\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u65b0\u624b 30 \u79d2\u9ec4\u91d1\u6392\u67e5\u987a\u5e8f\uff08\u80cc\u4e0b\u6765\uff01\uff09<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\u5148\u6572\u8fd9\u51e0\u6761\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol dir=\"auto\">\n<li>whoami \u2192 \u6211\u662f\u8c01\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>pwd \u2192 \u6211\u5728\u54ea\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>uptime \u2192 \u8d1f\u8f7d\u9ad8\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>free -h \u2192 \u5185\u5b58\u591f\u4e0d\u591f\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>df -h \u2192 \u78c1\u76d8\u6ee1\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>top \u2192 \u54ea\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5728\u5403\u8d44\u6e90\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u5efa\u8bae\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u5f84\uff081-2 \u5468\u5165\u95e8\uff09<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u7b2c 1-3 \u5929\uff1a\u719f\u7ec3 pwd\u3001cd\u3001ls\u3001mkdir\u3001touch\u3001rm\u3001cp\u3001mv \u7b2c 4-7 \u5929\uff1acat\/less\/head\/tail\u3001apt \u5b89\u88c5\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3001htop \u7b2c 8 \u5929\u8d77\uff1a\u7ec3\u4e60 tail -f \u65e5\u5fd7\u3001vim\/nano \u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u4ef6\u3001sudo \u6743\u9650\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff1a<strong>\u591a\u7ec3\u4e60\u3001\u591a\u72af\u9519\uff08\u5728\u865a\u62df\u673a\u91cc\uff09<\/strong>\u3002Ubuntu Server \u6ca1\u6709\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u3002\u591a\u6572\u51e0\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u808c\u8089\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u795d\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\uff0c\u5c11\u8d70\u5f2f\u8def\uff0c\u65e9\u65e5\u628a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73a9\u8f6c\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ubuntu Server \u662f\u76ee&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-210660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210660","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=210660"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":210661,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/210660\/revisions\/210661"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=210660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=210660"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=210660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}