{"id":209350,"date":"2025-09-30T08:38:13","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T00:38:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.server.hk\/blog\/209350\/"},"modified":"2025-09-30T08:38:14","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T00:38:14","slug":"keepalived-ip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/209350\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9999\u6e2fVPS\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u7528keepalived\u5feb\u901f\u914d\u7f6e\u865a\u62dfIP\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u865a\u62dfIP\uff08VIP\uff09<\/strong>\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u7f1d\u6545\u969c\u5207\u6362\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u9999\u6e2fVPS \u6216 \u7f8e\u56fdVPS \u7684\u7ad9\u957f\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7528\u6237\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 keepalived \u5feb\u901f\u914d\u7f6e\u865a\u62dfIP \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6210\u719f\u3001\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u539f\u7406\u3001\u5178\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3001\u4f18\u52bf\u5bf9\u6bd4\u53ca\u9009\u8d2d\u5efa\u8bae\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5728\u9999\u6e2fVPS \u4e0a\u7528 keepalived \u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528 VIP \u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4eba\u5458\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u5e38\u89c1\u5751\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u8a00<\/h2>\n

\u5f53\u4e00\u53f0\u4e3b\u673a\u5b95\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u7684 IP \u5feb\u901f\u5207\u6362\u5230\u5907\u673a\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002keepalived \u57fa\u4e8e VRRP\uff08Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3b\u5907\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u7ed3\u5408\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u811a\u672c\u81ea\u52a8\u5c06 VIP \u4ece\u6545\u969c\u8282\u70b9\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u5065\u5eb7\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4 DNS \u8f6e\u8be2\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5747\u8861\u5668\uff0ckeepalived \u7684\u5207\u6362\u65f6\u95f4\u77ed\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u7b49\u591a\u8282\u70b9\u90e8\u7f72\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u4ef6<\/h2>\n

VRRP \u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406<\/h3>\n

VRRP \u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4e00\u7ec4\u8def\u7531\u5668\u6216\u4e3b\u673a\u4e4b\u95f4\u9009\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a Master\uff08\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u6765\u5bf9\u5916\u63d0\u4f9b\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u8def\u7531\u5668\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u5373 VIP\u3002Master \u5468\u671f\u6027\u53d1\u9001 VRRP \u901a\u544a\u62a5\u6587\uff0c\u82e5 Backup\uff08\u5907\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u5728\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u672a\u6536\u5230\u901a\u544a\u4fbf\u89e6\u53d1\u4e3b\u5907\u5207\u6362\u3002keepalived \u5728 Linux \u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 VRRP \u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e0e\u811a\u672c\u6302\u94a9\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

keepalived \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n

keepalived \u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u542b\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  • VRRP \u534f\u8bae\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u865a\u62dfIP\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5907\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\uff08vrrp_script\u3001track_script\uff09\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u7aef\u53e3\u6216\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u811a\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u901a\u77e5\u4e0e\u811a\u672c\u94a9\u5b50\uff1a\u5728\u5207\u6362\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u52a8\u4f5c\uff08\u5982\u540c\u6b65\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u89e6\u53d1\u544a\u8b66\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u5b9e\u6218\u51c6\u5907\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h2>\n

    \u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u524d\u63d0<\/h3>\n

    \u5728\u9999\u6e2fVPS \u6216 \u7f8e\u56fdVPS \u73af\u5883\u91cc\u90e8\u7f72 keepalived\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u8282\u70b9\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e09\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u8def\u7531\u53ef\u8fbe\uff0c\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u53d1\u9001 VRRP multicase\/unicast\uff08\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e91\u73af\u5883\u5c4f\u853d\u5e7f\u64ad\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u914d\u7f6e\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u6bcf\u53f0 VPS \u62e5\u6709\u9759\u6001\u516c\u7f51 IP \u6216\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u79c1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u53ef\u4e92\u901a\uff0c\u4e14\u652f\u6301\u5c06\u989d\u5916 IP \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u7f51\u5361\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a Debian\/Ubuntu\/CentOS\uff0c\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5 keepalived \u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u5e38\u89c1\u7f51\u7edc\u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n

      \u5728\u4e91\u73af\u5883\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u90e8\u5206\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\/\u7f8e\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668 \u63d0\u4f9b\u5546\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u5230\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \u4e91\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\u53d1\u9001 Gratuitous ARP\uff1a\u9700\u54a8\u8be2\u673a\u623f\u662f\u5426\u652f\u6301\u6d6e\u52a8 IP \u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u4e91\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6d6e\u52a8 IP \u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n
      • VRRP \u62a5\u6587\u88ab\u7f51\u7edc\u7b56\u7565\u8fc7\u6ee4\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u914d\u7f6e keepalived \u4f7f\u7528 unicast \u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u7ec4\u653e\u884c VRRP \u534f\u8bae\uff08IP \u534f\u8bae 112\uff09\u4e0e UDP \u76f8\u5173\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n
      • \u9700\u8981\u4e3a VIP \u4f7f\u7528 \/32 \u8def\u7531\u5e76\u542f\u7528 sysctl \u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5982 net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind=1\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7ed1\u5b9a\u975e\u672c\u673a\u7684 IP\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        \u793a\u4f8b\u914d\u7f6e\uff08\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\uff09<\/h2>\n

        \u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed9\u51fa\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e3b\u5907\u4e24\u53f0 VPS \u7684 keepalived \u914d\u7f6e\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9 IP \u4e3a 1.1.1.10\uff0c\u5907\u8282\u70b9\u4e3a 1.1.1.11\uff0cVIP \u4e3a 1.1.1.100\uff0c\u7f51\u5361\u4e3a eth0\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u6838\u53c2\u6570<\/strong>\uff08\u4e24\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u5747\u9700\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

        echo 1 > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/ip_forward
        \necho 1 > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/conf\/all\/arp_ignore
        \necho 2 > \/proc\/sys\/net\/ipv4\/conf\/all\/arp_announce
        \nsysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind=1<\/p>\n

        \u7b80\u5355\u7684 \/etc\/keepalived\/keepalived.conf\uff08\u4e3b\u8282\u70b9\u793a\u4f8b\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

        vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        \n state MASTER
        \n interface eth0
        \n virtual_router_id 51
        \n priority 101
        \n advert_int 1
        \n authentication {
        \n auth_type PASS
        \n auth_pass secretpass
        \n }
        \n virtual_ipaddress {
        \n 1.1.1.100\/32
        \n }
        \n track_script { chk_haproxy }
        \n}<\/p>\n

        \u5907\u8282\u70b9\u5dee\u522b<\/strong>\uff1astate \u6539\u4e3a BACKUP\uff0cpriority \u8bbe\u4e3a 100 \u6216\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u670d\u52a1\u5065\u5eb7\u68c0\u67e5\u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u5728 keepalived.conf \u540c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

        vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
        \n script “\/usr\/local\/bin\/check_haproxy.sh” # \u8fd4\u56de 0 \u8868\u793a\u6b63\u5e38
        \n interval 2
        \n weight -20
        \n}<\/p>\n

        check_haproxy.sh \u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5 haproxy \u6216 nginx \u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u6216\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n

        #!\/bin\/bash
        \ncurl -sS –connect-timeout 2 http:\/\/127.0.0.1:80\/health || exit 1
        \nexit 0<\/p>\n

        \u5f53\u811a\u672c\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u96f6\uff0ckeepalived \u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u8282\u70b9\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6216\u89e6\u53d1\u4e3b\u5907\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u4f7f VIP \u6d6e\u52a8\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u5eb7\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

        \u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u6545\u969c\u6062\u590d<\/h2>\n

        \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6b65\u9aa4\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n