{"id":208414,"date":"2025-09-24T10:30:13","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T02:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.server.hk\/blog\/?p=208414"},"modified":"2025-09-24T10:30:13","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T02:30:13","slug":"%e5%9c%a8%e9%a6%99%e6%b8%af%e6%9c%8d%e5%8a%a1%e5%99%a8%e4%b8%8a%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%aelinux%e5%bc%80%e6%94%be%e7%ab%af%e5%8f%a3%ef%bc%9aubuntu%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%ae%8c%e6%95%b4%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/208414\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6eLinux\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\uff1aUbuntu\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u6574\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982Ubuntu\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u6307\u5bfc\u60a8\u5982\u4f55\u5728Ubuntu\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u68c0\u67e5\u3001\u5f00\u653e\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6UFW\u3001firewalld\u548ciptables\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u672c\u6307\u5357\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u7aef\u53e3\u53ca\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h2>\n<p>\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7aef\u70b9\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6807\u8bc6\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\u5141\u8bb8\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u91cf\u8fdb\u5165\u6216\u79bb\u5f00\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u672a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u5219\u963b\u6b62\u6d41\u91cf\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884cWeb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001FTP\u3001SSH\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u7aef\u53e3\u5206\u7c7b<\/h3>\n<p>\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u8303\u56f4\u4ece0\u523065535\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u7aef\u53e3\u8303\u56f4<\/th>\n<th>\u5206\u7c7b<\/th>\n<th>\u5e38\u89c1\u7528\u9014<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0\u20131023<\/td>\n<td>\u77e5\u540d\u7aef\u53e3\uff08Well-Known Ports\uff09<\/td>\n<td>SSH\uff0822\uff09\u3001HTTP\uff0880\uff09\u3001HTTPS\uff08443\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1024\u201349151<\/td>\n<td>\u6ce8\u518c\u7aef\u53e3\uff08Registered Ports\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u7528\u6237\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u670d\u52a1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>49152\u201365535<\/td>\n<td>\u52a8\u6001\/\u79c1\u6709\u7aef\u53e3\uff08Dynamic Ports\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u4e34\u65f6\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4f9b\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f7f\u7528<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ec5\u5f00\u653e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u914d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8bf7\u786e\u4fdd\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ubuntu\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u884cUbuntu\uff08\u63a8\u835020.04\u621622.04\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>sudo\u6743\u9650<\/strong>\uff1a\u5177\u6709\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u6743\u9650\u7684\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u6237\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7SSH\u6216<code>Ctrl + Alt + T<\/code>\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5de5\u5177<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u8ba4UFW\u3001firewalld\u6216iptables\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u68c0\u67e5\u5f53\u524d\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u65b0\u7aef\u53e3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u5df2\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528<code>netstat<\/code>\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">netstat -lntu\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>-l<\/code>\uff1a\u5217\u51fa\u76d1\u542c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-n<\/code>\uff1a\u663e\u793a\u6570\u5b57\u7aef\u53e3\u53f7\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-t<\/code>\uff1a\u663e\u793aTCP\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><code>-u<\/code>\uff1a\u663e\u793aUDP\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3<\/strong>\uff08\u4f8b\u59828080\uff09\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">netstat -na | grep :8080\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u65e0\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u7aef\u53e3\u672a\u5f00\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528<code>ss<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong>\uff08\u66f4\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u5de5\u5177\uff09\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ss -lntu\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528<code>nmap<\/code>\u626b\u63cf<\/strong>\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nmap localhost -p 8080\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5\u6307\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u59828080\uff09\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528UFW\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\uff08Ubuntu\u63a8\u8350\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>UFW\uff08Uncomplicated Firewall\uff09\u662fUbuntu\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u9632\u706b\u5899\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7ba1\u7406\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>\u6b65\u9aa41\uff1a\u68c0\u67e5UFW\u72b6\u6001<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw status\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u672a\u5b89\u88c5UFW\uff0c\u5148\u66f4\u65b0\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt update\r\nsudo apt install ufw -y\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u6b65\u9aa42\uff1a\u5f00\u653e\u7279\u5b9a\u7aef\u53e3<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f00\u653e\u5355\u4e00\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u4f8b\u5982HTTP\u768480\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw allow 80\/tcp\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\u8303\u56f4\uff08\u4f8b\u59823000\u20134000\uff09\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw allow 3000:4000\/tcp\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5f00\u653e\u7279\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982SSH\uff09\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw allow OpenSSH\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u6b65\u9aa43\uff1a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u89c4\u5219<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u68c0\u67e5\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw status\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7dUFW\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u66f4\u6539\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw reload\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679cUFW\u672a\u542f\u7528\uff0c\u542f\u7528\u5b83\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ufw enable\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u6309<code>y<\/code>\u786e\u8ba4\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528firewalld\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u9002\u7528\u4e8eCentOS\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u662f\u652f\u6301firewalld\u7684Linux\u53d1\u884c\u7248\uff08\u5982CentOS\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u68c0\u67e5firewalld\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo firewall-cmd --state\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3<\/strong>\uff08\u4f8b\u598280\u7aef\u53e3\uff09\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80\/tcp --permanent\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>--permanent<\/code>\u786e\u4fdd\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u91cd\u542f\u540e\u4fdd\u7559\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7dfirewalld<\/strong>\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo firewall-cmd --reload\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u5df2\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3<\/strong>\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo firewall-cmd --list-ports\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528iptables\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u65e0UFW\u6216firewalld\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u4f7f\u7528UFW\u6216firewalld\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0ciptables\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7ba1\u7406\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3<\/strong>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982TCP 8080\uff09\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5bf9\u4e8eIPv6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo ip6tables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4fdd\u5b58\u89c4\u5219\uff08Debian\/Ubuntu\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt install iptables-persistent -y\r\nsudo iptables-save &gt; \/etc\/iptables\/rules.v4\r\nsudo ip6tables-save &gt; \/etc\/iptables\/rules.v6\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4fdd\u5b58\u89c4\u5219\uff08RHEL\/CentOS\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo dnf install iptables-services -y\r\nsudo iptables-save &gt; \/etc\/sysconfig\/iptables\r\nsudo ip6tables-save &gt; \/etc\/sysconfig\/ip6tables\r\nsudo systemctl enable iptables\r\nsudo systemctl restart iptables\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3<\/h2>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u5f00\u653e\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>netstat<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">netstat -lntu\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>ss<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">ss -lntu\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>nmap<\/strong>\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">nmap localhost -p 8080\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>netcat<\/strong>\uff08\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7aef\u53e38080\uff09\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">echo \"Testing port 8080\" | nc -l -p 8080\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u65b0\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">telnet localhost 8080\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7aef\u53e3\u5df2\u5f00\u653e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u5b89\u5168\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4ec5\u5f00\u653e\u5fc5\u8981\u7aef\u53e3<\/strong>\uff1a\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u5730\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u4e25\u683c\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ed3\u5408IP\u9650\u5236\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u9632\u706b\u5899\u89c4\u5219\u589e\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u671f\u76d1\u63a7<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982<code>nmap<\/code>\uff09\u5b9a\u671f\u68c0\u67e5\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u672a\u7ecf\u6388\u6743\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u914d\u7f6eLinux\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5728Ubuntu\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528UFW\u3001firewalld\u548ciptables\u5f00\u653e\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7aef\u53e3\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5faa\u672c\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3Web\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3001SSH\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684Linux\u7cfb&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-208414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=208414"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208414\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=208414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=208414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}