{"id":208367,"date":"2025-07-28T21:01:03","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T13:01:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=208367"},"modified":"2025-07-28T21:11:51","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T13:11:51","slug":"linux-%e4%bc%ba%e6%9c%8d%e5%99%a8%e8%a8%98%e6%86%b6%e9%ab%94%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e8%88%87%e6%9c%80%e4%bd%b3%e5%8c%96","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/208367\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u8207\u6700\u4f73\u5316"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5f15\u8a00\uff1aLinux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u8a08\u7b97\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u78ba\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7d71\u9ad8\u6548\u904b\u884c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8f09\u548c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u4f5c\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u5546\u696d\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5176\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7d93\u5e38\u627f\u8f09\u8457\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u5546\u52d9\u3001\u96f2\u7aef\u670d\u52d9\u7b49\u9ad8\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u61c9\u7528\u5c0d\u4f4e\u5ef6\u9072\u3001\u9ad8\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u6709\u56b4\u683c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u5c0d\u9999\u6e2f\u4f3a\u670d\u5668<\/a>\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u5c07\u5f9e Linux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u7368\u7279\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6db5\u84cb\u5f9e Linux \u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5206\u914d\uff08\u5982 `malloc` \u548c `free`\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u7d50\u5408\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u5834\u666f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5efa\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n

1. Linux \u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

Linux \u6838\u5fc3\u8ca0\u8cac\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u5be6\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u548c\u865b\u64ec\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7d71\u8cc7\u6e90\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u5229\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f Linux \u6838\u5fc3\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<\/p>\n

* **1.1 \u5be6\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u8207\u865b\u64ec\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4**
\n* **\u5be6\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff08RAM\uff09**\uff1a\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u53ef\u7528\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u5132\u5b58\u904b\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u9999\u6e2f\u4f3a\u670d\u5668<\/a>\u901a\u5e38\u914d\u5099\u9ad8\u5bb9\u91cf RAM \u4ee5\u652f\u63f4\u9ad8\u4f75\u767c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ca0\u8f09\u3002
\n* **\u865b\u64ec\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4**\uff1a\u900f\u904e\u5206\u9801\u6a5f\u5236\u64f4\u5c55\u5be6\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u5c07\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58\u5728\u78c1\u789f\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u3002\u865b\u64ec\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u70ba\u884c\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u4f4d\u5740\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u589e\u5f37\u4e86\u9694\u96e2\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002
\n* **1.2 \u9801\u5feb\u53d6\uff08Page Cache\uff09**
\n* Linux \u4f7f\u7528\u9801\u5feb\u53d6\u4f86\u52a0\u901f\u6a94\u6848\u5b58\u53d6\u3002\u9801\u9762\u5927\u5c0f\u901a\u5e38\u70ba 4KB\uff0c\u5206\u70ba\u300c\u4e7e\u6de8\u9801\u9762\u300d\uff08\u672a\u4fee\u6539\uff09\u548c\u300c\u9ad2\u9801\u9762\u300d\uff08\u5df2\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u9700\u5beb\u5165\u78c1\u789f\uff09\u3002
\n* \u6838\u5fc3\u900f\u904e\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5982\u6700\u8fd1\u6700\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\uff0cLRU\uff09\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4f55\u6642\u9010\u51fa\u9801\u9762\u6216\u5c07\u9ad2\u9801\u9762\u5beb\u5165\u78c1\u789f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c`vm.dirty_background_ratio` \u53c3\u6578\u63a7\u5236\u9ad2\u9801\u9762\u5beb\u5165\u7684\u95be\u503c\uff0c\u9810\u8a2d\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70ba\u53ef\u7528\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684 10%\u3002
\n* \u5c0d\u65bc\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u9801\u5feb\u53d6\u914d\u7f6e\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u6216\u6a94\u6848\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u901f\u5ea6\u3002
\n* **1.3 \u4ea4\u63db\u7a7a\u9593\uff08Swap Space\uff09**
\n* \u7576\u5be6\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e0d\u8db3\u6642\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3\u5c07\u4e0d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u9801\u9762\u79fb\u81f3\u4ea4\u63db\u7a7a\u9593\uff08\u78c1\u789f\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u5272\u5340\u6216\u6a94\u6848\uff09\u3002
\n* \u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u4ea4\u63db\u7a7a\u9593\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e0d\u8db3\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u5d29\u6f70\uff0c\u4f46\u904e\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8cf4\u4ea4\u63db\u7a7a\u9593\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u5ef6\u9072\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u78c1\u789f\u5b58\u53d6\u901f\u5ea6\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc RAM\u3002
\n* \u5728\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\uff0c\u5efa\u8b70\u70ba\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8f09\u61c9\u7528\uff08\u5982\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u7d71\uff09\u914d\u7f6e\u9069\u91cf\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u907f\u514d\u904e\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4e\u5ef6\u9072\u3002
\n* **1.4 \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5206\u5272\u5340\uff08Memory Zones\uff09**
\n* Linux \u5c07\u5be6\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5206\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u57df\uff08\u5982 `ZONE_DMA`\u3001`ZONE_NORMAL`\u3001`ZONE_HIGHMEM`\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u9069\u61c9\u4e0d\u540c\u786c\u9ad4\u67b6\u69cb\u548c\u7528\u9014\u3002
\n* \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u63d2\u69fd CPU \u548c\u5927\u5bb9\u91cf\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff0c\u9700\u8003\u616e NUMA\uff08\u975e\u5747\u52fb\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5b58\u53d6\uff09\u67b6\u69cb\u4ee5\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

2. \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7a7a\u9593\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5206\u914d\uff1a`malloc` \u548c `free`<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7a7a\u9593\uff0cC \u8a9e\u8a00\u7a0b\u5f0f\u900f\u904e `malloc` \u548c `free` \u51fd\u5f0f\u52d5\u614b\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91cb\u653e\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u51fd\u5f0f\u662f\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u788e\u7247\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

* **2.1 `malloc` \u548c `free` \u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f7f\u7528**
\n* `void *malloc(size_t size)`\uff1a\u5206\u914d\u6307\u5b9a\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u584a\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5411\u8a72\u584a\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u9700\u8981\u5f37\u5236\u578b\u5225\u8f49\u63db\u4ee5\u5b58\u53d6\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5167\u5bb9\u3002
\n* `void free(void *ptr)`\uff1a\u91cb\u653e\u7531 `malloc` \u5206\u914d\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u584a\uff0c`ptr` \u5fc5\u9808\u662f `malloc` \u7684\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002
\n* **\u7bc4\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\uff1a**
\n“`c
\nint *ptr = (int *)malloc(10 * sizeof(int)); \/\/ \u5206\u914d 10 \u500b\u6574\u6578\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4
\nif (ptr != NULL) {
\n\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4
\nfree(ptr); \/\/ \u91cb\u653e\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4
\n}
\n“`
\n* **2.2 `malloc` \u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f**
\n`malloc` \u7684\u5be6\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u591a\u7a2e\u591a\u6a23\uff0c\u6bcf\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5229\u7528\u7387\u4e0a\u5404\u6709\u512a\u52a3\uff1a
\n* **\u986f\u5f0f\u7a7a\u9592\u93c8\u7d50\u4e32\u5217\uff08Explicit Free List\uff09\uff1a**
\n* \u4f7f\u7528\u93c8\u7d50\u4e32\u5217\u7ba1\u7406\u7a7a\u9592\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u584a\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u584a\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u500b\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u63a7\u5236\u584a\uff08`mem_control_block`\uff09\uff0c\u8a18\u9304\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u72c0\u614b\u3002
\n* \u5206\u914d\u6642\u904d\u6b77\u93c8\u7d50\u4e32\u5217\uff0c\u5c0b\u627e\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6eff\u8db3\u5927\u5c0f\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7a7a\u9592\u584a\uff08\u9996\u6b21\u9069\u61c9\u6cd5\uff09\u3002
\n* \u7f3a\u9ede\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u8f03\u591a\u5167\u90e8\u788e\u7247\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u7c21\u55ae\u5834\u666f\u3002
\n* **\u5206\u96e2\u7a7a\u9592\u93c8\u7d50\u4e32\u5217\uff08Segregated Free List\uff09\uff1a**
\n* \u6309\u5927\u5c0f\u5206\u985e\u7dad\u8b77\u591a\u500b\u7a7a\u9592\u93c8\u7d50\u4e32\u5217\uff08\u5982 2\u30014\u30018-16 \u4f4d\u5143\u7d44\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\u9593\u3002
\n* \u5206\u914d\u6642\u9078\u64c7\u5408\u9069\u7684\u93c8\u7d50\u4e32\u5217\u4e26\u5206\u5272\u584a\uff0c\u5269\u9918\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u65b0\u63d2\u5165\u9069\u7576\u93c8\u7d50\u4e32\u5217\u3002
\n* \u9069\u5408\u9999\u6e2f\u4f3a\u670d\u5668<\/a>\u7684\u9ad8\u4f75\u767c\u5834\u666f\uff0c\u5982\u591a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 Web \u61c9\u7528\u3002
\n* **\u5925\u4f34\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08Buddy System\uff09\uff1a**
\n* \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6309 2 \u7684\u51aa\u5283\u5206\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u6642\u5206\u5272\u5927\u584a\uff0c\u91cb\u653e\u6642\u5408\u4f75\u76f8\u9130\u584a\u3002
\n* \u512a\u9ede\u662f\u5408\u4f75\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u7f3a\u9ede\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u5167\u90e8\u788e\u7247\u3002
\n* **tcmalloc\uff08Thread-Caching Malloc\uff09\uff1a**
\n* Google \u958b\u767c\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u5feb\u53d6\u5206\u914d\u5668\uff0c\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u7dad\u8b77\u79c1\u6709\u5feb\u53d6\u6c60\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u9396\u722d\u7528\u3002
\n* \u9069\u5408\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u591a\u57f7\u884c\u7dd2\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u91d1\u878d\u4ea4\u6613\u5e73\u53f0\u3002
\n* **2.3 \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5206\u914d\u7bc4\u4f8b\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc**
\n\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684 `malloc` \u5be6\u4f5c\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u986f\u5f0f\u7a7a\u9592\u93c8\u7d50\u4e32\u5217\uff1a
\n“`c
\nstruct mem_control_block {
\nint is_available; \/\/ \u662f\u5426\u53ef\u7528\uff081 \u8868\u793a\u7a7a\u9592\uff09
\nsize_t size; \/\/ \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u584a\u5927\u5c0f
\n};<\/p>\n

void *managed_memory_start; \/\/ \u5806\u7a4d\u8d77\u59cb\u4f4d\u5740
\nvoid *last_valid_address; \/\/ \u5806\u7a4d\u7d50\u675f\u4f4d\u5740
\nint has_initialized = 0;<\/p>\n

void malloc_init() {
\nlast_valid_address = sbrk(0); \/\/ \u53d6\u5f97\u76ee\u524d\u5806\u7a4d\u9802\u7aef
\nmanaged_memory_start = last_valid_address;
\nhas_initialized = 1;
\n}<\/p>\n

void *malloc(size_t numbytes) {
\nif (!has_initialized) malloc_init();
\nnumbytes += sizeof(struct mem_control_block); \/\/ \u5305\u542b\u63a7\u5236\u584a\u5927\u5c0f
\nvoid *current_location = managed_memory_start;
\nstruct mem_control_block *current_mcb;
\nvoid *memory_location = NULL;<\/p>\n

while (current_location != last_valid_address) {
\ncurrent_mcb = (struct mem_control_block *)current_location;
\nif (current_mcb->is_available && current_mcb->size >= numbytes) {
\ncurrent_mcb->is_available = 0;
\nmemory_location = current_location;
\nbreak;
\n}
\ncurrent_location += current_mcb->size;
\n}<\/p>\n

if (!memory_location) {
\nsbrk(numbytes); \/\/ \u64f4\u5c55\u5806\u7a4d
\nmemory_location = last_valid_address;
\nlast_valid_address += numbytes;
\ncurrent_mcb = (struct mem_control_block *)memory_location;
\ncurrent_mcb->is_available = 0;
\ncurrent_mcb->size = numbytes;
\n}<\/p>\n

return memory_location + sizeof(struct mem_control_block);
\n}<\/p>\n

void free(void *ptr) {
\nstruct mem_control_block *mcb = (struct mem_control_block *)(ptr – sizeof(struct mem_control_block));
\nmcb->is_available = 1;
\n}
\n“`<\/p>\n

3. Linux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u4f73\u5316<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u78ba\u4fdd\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5be6\u7528\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n

* **3.1 \u76e3\u63a7\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528**
\n* **\u5de5\u5177\uff1a**
\n* `free -m`\uff1a\u986f\u793a\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u6cc1\uff08\u4ee5 MB \u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7e3d\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001\u5df2\u7528\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001\u7a7a\u9592\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u548c\u4ea4\u63db\u7a7a\u9593\u3002
\n* `top`\uff1a\u5373\u6642\u986f\u793a\u884c\u7a0b\u548c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002
\n* `sar`\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u80fd\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001CPU \u548c I\/O\u3002
\n* `vmstat -a -S M`\uff1a\u986f\u793a\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3001CPU \u548c\u884c\u7a0b\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002
\n* **\u7bc4\u4f8b\u8f38\u51fa\uff08`free -m`\uff09\uff1a**
\n“`
\ntotal used free shared buffers cached
\nMem: 1024 800 224 0 50 600
\n-\/+ buffers\/cache: 150 874
\nSwap: 2048 0 2048
\n“`
\n* **3.2 \u6700\u4f73\u5be6\u52d9**
\n* \u5efa\u7acb\u4ea4\u63db\u5206\u5272\u5340\uff1a\u70ba RAM \u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u63d0\u4f9b\u5099\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u907f\u514d\u904e\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u5ef6\u9072\u3002
\n* \u4f7f\u7528 ramdisk\uff1a\u5c07\u983b\u7e41\u5b58\u53d6\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5feb\u53d6\u5230\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4 SSD \u5feb 50 \u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002
\n* \u95dc\u9589\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52d9\uff1a\u5b9a\u671f\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e26\u505c\u6b62\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u670d\u52d9\u6216\u5bb9\u5668\uff08\u5982 Docker\uff09\u4ee5\u91cb\u653e\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002
\n* \u4fdd\u8b77\u958b\u653e\u57e0\uff1a\u9632\u6b62\u60e1\u610f\u8edf\u9ad4\uff08\u5982\u52a0\u5bc6\u6316\u7926\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff09\u4f54\u7528\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u3002
\n* \u6700\u4f73\u5316\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a\u8abf\u6574\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff08\u5982 MySQL\uff09\u7684\u7de9\u885d\u5340\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u904e\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002
\n* **3.3 \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u904e\u5ea6\u627f\u8afe\uff08Memory Overcommit\uff09**
\n* Linux \u5141\u8a31\u5206\u914d\u8d85\u904e\u5be6\u9ad4\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u865b\u64ec\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u5c0f\u5fc3\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u907f\u514d OOM \u6bba\u624b\u7d42\u6b62\u95dc\u9375\u884c\u7a0b\u3002
\n* \u900f\u904e `vm.overcommit_memory` \u53c3\u6578\u8abf\u6574\u904e\u5ea6\u627f\u8afe\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u65bc\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5c24\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u8655\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u8acb\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4fdd\u6301\u4f4e\u5ef6\u9072\u548c\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

4. \u9999\u6e2f\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u914d\u7f6e\u8003\u616e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9999\u6e2f\u4f3a\u670d\u5668<\/a>\u56e0\u5176\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u5834\u666f\u5177\u6709\u7368\u7279\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u914d\u7f6e\u6307\u5357\uff1a<\/p>\n

* **4.1 \u57fa\u790e\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9700\u6c42**
\n* \u73fe\u4ee3\u5132\u5b58\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u901a\u5e38\u5f9e 8GB RAM \u8d77\u6b65\uff0c\u5177\u9ad4\u9700\u6c42\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u7528\u4f8b\u3002
\n* \u5c0d\u65bc\u4f7f\u7528 ZFS \u7684\u5132\u5b58\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u9700\u6c42\u8a08\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u70ba\uff1a
\n`\u6700\u5c0f RAM = (\u5132\u5b58\u6c60\u5927\u5c0f \/ 1TB) \u00d7 1GB + 4GB \u57fa\u790e\u7cfb\u7d71 RAM`
\n* \u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a10TB \u5132\u5b58\u6c60\u9700\u8981 14GB RAM\uff0c\u63a8\u85a6 21GB\uff08\u6700\u5c0f RAM \u00d7 1.5\uff09\u3002
\n* **4.2 \u6309\u7528\u4f8b\u5206\u985e**
\n| \u7528\u4f8b | \u63a8\u85a6 RAM | \u61c9\u7528\u5834\u666f |
\n| :——————— | :———— | :————————— |
\n| \u5c0f\u578b\u4f01\u696d\u6a94\u6848\u5132\u5b58 | 8-16GB | \u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5718\u968a\u5354\u4f5c\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u5099\u4efd |
\n| \u4e2d\u578b\u4f01\u696d\u5132\u5b58 | 16-32GB | \u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u3001\u5167\u5bb9\u5206\u767c\u3001\u591a\u79df\u6236\u5132\u5b58 |
\n| \u5927\u898f\u6a21\u5132\u5b58\u64cd\u4f5c | 32GB+ | \u5927\u8cc7\u6599\u8655\u7406\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u904b\u7b97\u3001\u96f2\u7aef\u5132\u5b58 |
\n* **4.3 \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5347\u7d1a\u56e0\u7d20**
\n* \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u901a\u9053\u914d\u7f6e\uff1a\u96d9\u901a\u9053\uff08\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u7d04 1.5 \u500d\uff09\u6216\u56db\u901a\u9053\uff08\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u7d04 1.8 \u500d\uff09\u3002
\n* ECC \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\uff1a\u5c0d\u65bc\u91d1\u878d\u6216\u95dc\u9375\u8cc7\u6599\u5132\u5b58\uff0cECC \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u53ef\u78ba\u4fdd\u8cc7\u6599\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002
\n* \u6642\u8108\u901f\u5ea6\uff1a\u6bcf 100MHz \u63d0\u5347\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8 2-3% \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002
\n* DIMM \u63d2\u69fd\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff1a\u78ba\u4fdd\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u652f\u63f4\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u64f4\u5145\u3002
\n* **4.4 \u6210\u672c\u6548\u76ca\u5206\u6790**
\n* \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5347\u7d1a\u7684 ROI \u8a08\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\uff1a
\n`\u5e74\u5ea6 ROI = (\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347 \u00d7 \u5de5\u4f5c\u8ca0\u8f09\u50f9\u503c – \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6210\u672c) \/ \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6210\u672c \u00d7 100`
\n* \u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347 30%\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ca0\u8f09\u50f9\u503c 50,000 \u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5347\u7d1a\u6210\u672c 2,000 \u7f8e\u5143\uff0cROI = 650%\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7d93\u5e38\u8655\u7406\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8acb\u6c42\u548c\u5927\u8cc7\u6599\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ca0\u8f09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u5408\u9069\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u8457\u63d0\u5347\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7528\u6236\u9ad4\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n

5. \u9032\u968e\u4e3b\u984c\uff1a\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u9032\u968e\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u6d89\u53ca\u66f4\u591a\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6280\u8853\uff1a<\/p>\n

* **5.1 NUMA \u610f\u8b58**
\n* \u5728\u591a\u63d2\u69fd\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e2d\uff0cNUMA\uff08\u975e\u5747\u52fb\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5b58\u53d6\uff09\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5206\u914d\u672c\u5730\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u5ef6\u9072\u3002
\n* \u9999\u6e2f\u4f3a\u670d\u5668<\/a>\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u591a\u6838\u5fc3 CPU\uff0c\u9700\u914d\u7f6e NUMA \u6700\u4f73\u5316\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\u3002
\n* **5.2 \u4ea4\u63db\u7a7a\u9593\u7ba1\u7406**
\n* \u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u4ea4\u63db\u7a7a\u9593\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u904e\u5ea6\u4ea4\u63db\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002
\n* \u5efa\u8b70\u70ba\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8a2d\u5b9a\u9069\u91cf\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u7a7a\u9593\uff08\u5982 RAM \u7684 1-2 \u500d\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u76e3\u63a7\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u3002
\n* **5.3 \u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u788e\u7247\u5316**
\n* \u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u96e2\u7a7a\u9592\u93c8\u7d50\u4e32\u5217\u6216\u5925\u4f34\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u788e\u7247\u5316\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3002
\n* \u5b9a\u671f\u9032\u884c\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u6574\u7406\uff08\u9700\u8b39\u614e\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8b8a\u66f4\u5df2\u5206\u914d\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7684\u4f4d\u5740\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

6. \u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u662f Linux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u6027\u80fd\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7406\u89e3 Linux \u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5206\u914d\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91dd\u5c0d\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u904b\u884c\u548c\u9577\u671f\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u6559\u7a0b\u5f9e\u6838\u5fc3\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u5f9e\u57fa\u790e\u5230\u9032\u968e\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5256\u6790\u4e86\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u5404\u500b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e26\u7d50\u5408\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u5efa\u8b70\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u4e9b\u77e5\u8b58\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u60a8\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5316\u60a8\u7684\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u5176\u5728\u9ad8\u8ca0\u8f09\u4e0b\u4e5f\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5f15\u8a00\uff1aLinux \u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u7ba1...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-208367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208367","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=208367"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208367\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208367"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=208367"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=208367"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}