{"id":208353,"date":"2025-07-16T20:41:35","date_gmt":"2025-07-16T12:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=208353"},"modified":"2025-07-16T20:41:35","modified_gmt":"2025-07-16T12:41:35","slug":"centos-%e8%88%87-ubuntu-%e7%b3%bb%e7%b5%b1%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e5%b0%8d%e6%af%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/208353\/","title":{"rendered":"CentOS \u8207 Ubuntu \u7cfb\u7d71\u547d\u4ee4\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0d\u6bd4"},"content":{"rendered":"

CentOS \u548c Ubuntu \u4f5c\u70ba\u5169\u7a2e\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684 Linux \u767c\u884c\u7248\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u57fa\u65bc Red Hat\uff08RPM \u9ad4\u7cfb\uff09\u548c Debian\uff08DEB \u9ad4\u7cfb\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u986f\u8457\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6a94\u5f9e\u6280\u8853\u8996\u89d2\u8a73\u7d30\u5c0d\u6bd4\u5169\u8005\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6db5\u84cb\u5957\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u9632\u706b\u7246\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u65e5\u8a8c\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5e6b\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u548c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\u4e26\u5728\u5169\u7a2e\u7cfb\u7d71\u9593\u9ad8\u6548\u5207\u63db\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u5957\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

\u5957\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u662f CentOS \u548c Ubuntu \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5dee\u7570\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0cCentOS \u4f7f\u7528 yum<\/code> \u6216 dnf<\/code>\uff08CentOS 8 \u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\uff0cUbuntu \u4f7f\u7528 apt<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u529f\u80fd<\/th>\nCentOS (RPM \u9ad4\u7cfb)<\/th>\nUbuntu (DEB \u9ad4\u7cfb)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u5957\u4ef6\u5217\u8868<\/td>\nsudo yum check-update<\/code> \u6216 sudo dnf check-update<\/code><\/td>\nsudo apt update<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5b89\u88dd\u5957\u4ef6<\/td>\nsudo yum install <package><\/code> \u6216 sudo dnf install <package><\/code><\/td>\nsudo apt install <package><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u79fb\u9664\u5957\u4ef6<\/td>\nsudo yum remove <package><\/code> \u6216 sudo dnf remove <package><\/code><\/td>\nsudo apt remove <package><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u641c\u5c0b\u5957\u4ef6<\/td>\nsudo yum search <keyword><\/code> \u6216 sudo dnf search <keyword><\/code><\/td>\nsudo apt search <keyword><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u66f4\u65b0\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88dd\u5957\u4ef6<\/td>\nsudo yum update<\/code> \u6216 sudo dnf upgrade<\/code><\/td>\nsudo apt upgrade<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6e05\u7406\u5feb\u53d6<\/td>\nsudo yum clean all<\/code> \u6216 sudo dnf clean all<\/code><\/td>\nsudo apt clean<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u5b89\u88dd\u5957\u4ef6<\/td>\nrpm -qa<\/code> \u6216 yum list installed<\/code> \u6216 dnf list installed<\/code><\/td>\ndpkg -l<\/code> \u6216 apt list --installed<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  • CentOS 8 \u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c\u9810\u8a2d\u4f7f\u7528 dnf<\/code>\uff0c\u5176\u8a9e\u6cd5\u8207 yum<\/code> \u985e\u4f3c\u4f46\u6548\u80fd\u66f4\u512a\u3002<\/li>\n
  • Ubuntu \u7684 apt<\/code> \u662f\u5c0d apt-get<\/code> \u548c apt-cache<\/code> \u7684\u9ad8\u7d1a\u5c01\u88dd\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u4e92\u52d5\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2. \u670d\u52d9\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

    CentOS 7 \u548c Ubuntu 16.04 \u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7248\u672c\u5747\u63a1\u7528 systemd<\/code> \u4f5c\u70ba\u670d\u52d9\u7ba1\u7406\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u547d\u4ee4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u529f\u80fd<\/th>\nCentOS (Systemd)<\/th>\nUbuntu (Systemd)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u555f\u52d5\u670d\u52d9<\/td>\nsudo systemctl start <service><\/code><\/td>\nsudo systemctl start <service><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u505c\u6b62\u670d\u52d9<\/td>\nsudo systemctl stop <service><\/code><\/td>\nsudo systemctl stop <service><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u91cd\u555f\u670d\u52d9<\/td>\nsudo systemctl restart <service><\/code><\/td>\nsudo systemctl restart <service><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52d9\u72c0\u614b<\/td>\nsudo systemctl status <service><\/code><\/td>\nsudo systemctl status <service><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u555f\u7528\u958b\u6a5f\u81ea\u52d5\u555f\u52d5<\/td>\nsudo systemctl enable <service><\/code><\/td>\nsudo systemctl enable <service><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u505c\u7528\u958b\u6a5f\u81ea\u52d5\u555f\u52d5<\/td>\nsudo systemctl disable <service><\/code><\/td>\nsudo systemctl disable <service><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u670d\u52d9<\/td>\nsystemctl list-unit-files --type=service<\/code><\/td>\nsystemctl list-unit-files --type=service<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

      \n
    • CentOS 6 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u4f7f\u7528 SysVinit<\/code>\uff0c\u547d\u4ee4\u70ba service <service> start\/stop\/restart<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n
    • Ubuntu \u5728 14.04 \u53ca\u66f4\u65e9\u7248\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u7528 Upstart<\/code>\uff0c\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u6b77\u53f2\u7248\u672c\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      3. \u7db2\u8def\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

      \u7db2\u8def\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u56e0\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u7570\uff0cCentOS \u4f9d\u8cf4 NetworkManager<\/code> \u6216\u624b\u52d5\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cUbuntu \u5247\u4f7f\u7528 Netplan<\/code>\uff0818.04 \u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u529f\u80fd<\/th>\nCentOS<\/th>\nUbuntu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      \u67e5\u770b IP \u4f4d\u5740<\/td>\nip addr<\/code> \u6216 ifconfig<\/code><\/td>\nip addr<\/code> \u6216 ifconfig<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u91cd\u555f\u7db2\u8def\u670d\u52d9<\/td>\nsudo systemctl restart NetworkManager<\/code><\/td>\nsudo systemctl restart networking<\/code> \u6216 sudo netplan apply<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u67e5\u770b\u7db2\u8def\u4ecb\u9762\u72c0\u614b<\/td>\nnmcli device status<\/code><\/td>\nnmcli device status<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u914d\u7f6e\u975c\u614b IP<\/td>\n\u7de8\u8f2f \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ifcfg-<interface><\/code><\/td>\n\u7de8\u8f2f \/etc\/netplan\/01-netcfg.yaml<\/code>\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c sudo netplan apply<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Ubuntu 18.04 \u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528 Netplan<\/code>\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u70ba YAML \u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u7e2e\u9032\u3002<\/li>\n
      • CentOS \u7684\u7db2\u8def\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f91\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u7248\u672c\u800c\u7570\uff0c\u9700\u6aa2\u67e5\u5177\u9ad4\u4ecb\u9762\u6a94\u6848\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        4. \u9632\u706b\u7246\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

        CentOS \u9810\u8a2d\u4f7f\u7528 firewalld<\/code>\uff0cUbuntu \u4f7f\u7528 ufw<\/code>\uff08\u7c21\u5316\u7684 iptables \u524d\u7aef\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        \u529f\u80fd<\/th>\nCentOS (Firewalld)<\/th>\nUbuntu (UFW)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
        \u555f\u52d5\u9632\u706b\u7246<\/td>\nsudo systemctl start firewalld<\/code><\/td>\nsudo ufw enable<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u505c\u6b62\u9632\u706b\u7246<\/td>\nsudo systemctl stop firewalld<\/code><\/td>\nsudo ufw disable<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u67e5\u770b\u9632\u706b\u7246\u72c0\u614b<\/td>\nsudo firewall-cmd --state<\/code><\/td>\nsudo ufw status<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u958b\u653e\u7aef\u53e3<\/td>\nsudo firewall-cmd --add-port=<port>\/tcp --permanent<\/code><\/td>\nsudo ufw allow <port><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u95dc\u9589\u7aef\u53e3<\/td>\nsudo firewall-cmd --remove-port=<port>\/tcp --permanent<\/code><\/td>\nsudo ufw delete allow <port><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
        \u91cd\u65b0\u8f09\u5165\u9632\u706b\u7246\u914d\u7f6e<\/td>\nsudo firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/td>\nsudo ufw reload<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

        \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

          \n
        • firewalld<\/code> \u7684 --permanent<\/code> \u9078\u9805\u78ba\u4fdd\u898f\u5247\u6301\u4e45\u5316\uff0c\u9700\u914d\u5408 --reload<\/code> \u751f\u6548\u3002<\/li>\n
        • ufw<\/code> \u7c21\u55ae\u6613\u7528\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u8f15\u91cf\u7d1a\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u529f\u80fd\u8f03 firewalld<\/code> \u7a0d\u5f31\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          5. \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8207\u6b0a\u9650\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

          \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u5728\u5169\u7a2e\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u522a\u9664\u547d\u4ee4\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u529f\u80fd<\/th>\nCentOS<\/th>\nUbuntu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          \u65b0\u589e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/td>\nsudo adduser <username><\/code><\/td>\nsudo adduser <username><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u522a\u9664\u4f7f\u7528\u8005<\/td>\nsudo userdel -r <username><\/code><\/td>\nsudo deluser --remove-home <username><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u4fee\u6539\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5bc6\u78bc<\/td>\nsudo passwd <username><\/code><\/td>\nsudo passwd <username><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \u65b0\u589e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u81f3\u7fa4\u7d44<\/td>\nsudo usermod -aG <group> <username><\/code><\/td>\nsudo usermod -aG <group> <username><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

            \n
          • userdel -r<\/code> \u548c deluser --remove-home<\/code> \u90fd\u6703\u522a\u9664\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5bb6\u76ee\u9304\uff0c\u9700\u8b39\u614e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/li>\n
          • \u7fa4\u7d44\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\uff0c-aG<\/code> \u78ba\u4fdd\u8ffd\u52a0\u7fa4\u7d44\u800c\u975e\u8986\u84cb\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            6. \u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

            \u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u9810\u8a2d\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff08CentOS \u50be\u5411 xfs<\/code>\uff0cUbuntu \u50be\u5411 ext4<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
            \u529f\u80fd<\/th>\nCentOS<\/th>\nUbuntu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
            \u67e5\u770b\u78c1\u789f\u7a7a\u9593<\/td>\ndf -h<\/code><\/td>\ndf -h<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u67e5\u770b\u76ee\u9304\u5927\u5c0f<\/td>\ndu -sh <directory><\/code><\/td>\ndu -sh <directory><\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u639b\u8f09\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71<\/td>\nmount \/dev\/sdX \/mnt<\/code><\/td>\nmount \/dev\/sdX \/mnt<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
            \u5378\u8f09\u6a94\u6848\u7cfb\u7d71<\/td>\numount \/mnt<\/code><\/td>\numount \/mnt<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

              \n
            • \u639b\u8f09\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u78ba\u4fdd\u76ee\u6a19\u8a2d\u5099\u548c\u639b\u8f09\u9ede\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n
            • \u5efa\u8b70\u4f7f\u7528 lsblk<\/code> \u6aa2\u67e5\u8a2d\u5099\u72c0\u614b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

              7. \u65e5\u8a8c\u7ba1\u7406<\/h2>\n

              \u65e5\u8a8c\u7ba1\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4f46\u65e5\u8a8c\u6a94\u6848\u8def\u5f91\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              \u529f\u80fd<\/th>\nCentOS<\/th>\nUbuntu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
              \u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7d71\u65e5\u8a8c<\/td>\nsudo journalctl<\/code> \u6216 tail -f \/var\/log\/messages<\/code><\/td>\nsudo journalctl<\/code> \u6216 tail -f \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              \u67e5\u770b\u767b\u5165\u65e5\u8a8c<\/td>\nlast<\/code><\/td>\nlast<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

              \u6ce8\u610f<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

                \n
              • CentOS \u7684 \/var\/log\/messages<\/code> \u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u914d\u7f6e\u800c\u8b8a\u70ba \/var\/log\/secure<\/code>\u3002<\/li>\n
              • Ubuntu \u7684 \/var\/log\/syslog<\/code> \u662f\u9810\u8a2d\u7cfb\u7d71\u65e5\u8a8c\u8def\u5f91\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                \u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                \u65b9\u9762<\/th>\nCentOS<\/th>\nUbuntu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
                \u5957\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/td>\nyum<\/code>\/dnf<\/code> (RPM)<\/td>\napt<\/code> (DEB)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u670d\u52d9\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong><\/td>\nsystemctl<\/code> (CentOS 7+)\uff0c\u820a\u7248 service<\/code><\/td>\nsystemctl<\/code> (16.04+)\uff0c\u820a\u7248 Upstart<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u9632\u706b\u7246<\/strong><\/td>\nfirewalld<\/code><\/td>\nufw<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                \u7db2\u8def\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/td>\n\/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/<\/code><\/td>\n\/etc\/netplan\/<\/code> (18.04 \u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                \u901a\u904e\u638c\u63e1\u9019\u4e9b\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u7ba1\u7406\u54e1\u548c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u53ef\u5feb\u901f\u9069\u61c9 CentOS \u548c Ubuntu \u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u7ba1\u7406\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u512a\u5316\u904b\u7dad\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                CentOS \u548c Ubuntu ...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-208353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=208353"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208353\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=208353"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=208353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}