{"id":205472,"date":"2025-06-02T18:37:38","date_gmt":"2025-06-02T10:37:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=205472"},"modified":"2025-06-02T18:37:59","modified_gmt":"2025-06-02T10:37:59","slug":"mysql%e8%a1%a8%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e5%8f%98%e6%9b%b4%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e6%8c%87%e5%8d%97%ef%bc%9aalter-table%e7%94%a8%e6%b3%95%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3%e4%b8%8e%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e6%a1%88%e4%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/205472\/","title":{"rendered":"MySQL\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u66f4\u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357\uff1aALTER TABLE\u7528\u6cd5\u8be6\u89e3\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9MySQL\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u662f\u5e38\u89c1\u800c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u65b0\u589e\u4e1a\u52a1\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u8c03\u6574\u5df2\u6709\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6e05\u7406\u5197\u4f59\u5217\uff0c<code>ALTER TABLE<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u90fd\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u800c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bb2\u89e3MySQL\u4e2d\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e0e\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u64cd\u6f14\u793a\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90e8\u7f72MySQL\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4e2d\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u6216\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u627f\u8f7d\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5176\u9ad8\u901f\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u4f18\u8d28\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f3a\u529b\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001\u8fde\u63a5MySQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/h2>\n<p>\u5f00\u59cb\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u8fde\u63a5\u81f3MySQL\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u9009\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6216\u56fe\u5f62\u754c\u9762\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">mysql -u root -p\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u540e\u5373\u53ef\u8fdb\u5165\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u754c\u9762\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h2>\n<h3>1. \u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u5217\uff08ADD COLUMN\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7 <code>ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN<\/code> \u53ef\u5411\u73b0\u6709\u8868\u4e2d\u8ffd\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">ALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN age INT;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5728 <code>users<\/code> \u8868\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u540d\u4e3a <code>age<\/code> \u7684\u6574\u578b\u5b57\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>2. \u4fee\u6539\u5217\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08MODIFY \/ CHANGE COLUMN\uff09<\/h3>\n<h4>\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">ALTER TABLE users MODIFY COLUMN age TINYINT;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>\u4fee\u6539\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u79f0\u53ca\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/h4>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">ALTER TABLE users CHANGE COLUMN age user_age SMALLINT;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code>MODIFY<\/code> \u66f4\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4ec5\u8c03\u6574\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b<code>CHANGE<\/code> \u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u6539\u5b57\u6bb5\u540d\u53ca\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>3. \u5220\u9664\u5b57\u6bb5\uff08DROP COLUMN\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u79fb\u9664\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">ALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN user_age;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6e05\u7406\u5197\u4f59\u5b57\u6bb5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>4. \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u6570\u636e\u8868\uff08RENAME TO\uff09<\/h3>\n<p>\u5982\u9700\u8c03\u6574\u8868\u540d\uff0c\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u8bed\u53e5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">ALTER TABLE users RENAME TO members;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u91cd\u6784\u6216\u8868\u529f\u80fd\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7684\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u5de5\u5177\uff1aMySQL Workbench\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b80\u8ff0<\/h2>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u7684\u7528\u6237\uff0cMySQL Workbench \u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u754c\u9762\u5b8c\u6210\u76f8\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6dfb\u52a0\u5217<\/strong>\uff1a\u53f3\u952e\u8868 \u2192 Alter Table \u2192 Columns \u2192 Add Column \u2192 Apply<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4fee\u6539\u5217<\/strong>\uff1a\u9009\u4e2d\u5b57\u6bb5 \u2192 \u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u578b \u2192 Apply<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5220\u9664\u5217<\/strong>\uff1a\u9009\u4e2d\u5b57\u6bb5 \u2192 Delete Column \u2192 Apply<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u8868<\/strong>\uff1a\u53f3\u952e\u8868\u540d \u2192 Rename \u2192 \u8f93\u5165\u65b0\u540d\u79f0 \u2192 Apply<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u56fe\u5f62\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7387\u4f4e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u5408\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6216\u56fe\u5f62\u5316\u504f\u597d\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u5b8c\u6574\u64cd\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3a\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u4ece\u6dfb\u52a0\u5217\u5230\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u8868\u7684\u6f14\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-sql\">-- \u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\r\nmysql -u root -p\r\nUSE mydatabase;\r\n\r\n-- \u6dfb\u52a0\u5217\r\nALTER TABLE users ADD COLUMN age INT;\r\n\r\n-- \u4fee\u6539\u5217\r\nALTER TABLE users MODIFY COLUMN age TINYINT;\r\nALTER TABLE users CHANGE COLUMN age user_age SMALLINT;\r\n\r\n-- \u5220\u9664\u5217\r\nALTER TABLE users DROP COLUMN user_age;\r\n\r\n-- \u91cd\u547d\u540d\u8868\r\nALTER TABLE users RENAME TO members;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\u524d\u5907\u4efd\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u90e8\u7f72MySQL\u7684\u4f18\u52bf<\/h2>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u90e8\u7f72\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u5168\u7403\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u9009\u62e9<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u5929\u7136\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8de8\u5883\u8bbf\u95ee<\/strong>\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u4e9a\u6d32\u53ca\u5168\u7403\u534e\u4eba\u5e02\u573a\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7a33\u5b9a\u7535\u4fe1\u76f4\u8fde\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5f39\u6027\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u4e1a\u52a1\u589e\u957f\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u9ad8\u6027\u4ef7\u6bd4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u90e8\u7f72\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u3010<a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\/\">\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/a>\u3011\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<p>MySQL\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65e5\u5e38\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u719f\u7ec3\u638c\u63e1<code>ALTER TABLE<\/code>\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u65b0\u589e\u5b57\u6bb5\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u8868\u540d\uff0c\u5747\u53ef\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u524d\u5145\u5206\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e76\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u642d\u914d\u6027\u80fd\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\/\"><strong>\u9999\u6e2fvps<\/strong><\/a>\u6216<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u90e8\u7f72MySQL\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u53ef\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u4e0e\u8bbf\u95ee\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u524d\u8a00 \u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ef4\u62a4&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-205472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=205472"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/205472\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=205472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=205472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=205472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}