{"id":204838,"date":"2025-05-29T08:59:45","date_gmt":"2025-05-29T00:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/204838\/"},"modified":"2025-05-29T08:59:45","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T00:59:45","slug":"solid-%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%99-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8-python-%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%9c%9f%e5%ae%9e%e7%a4%ba%e4%be%8b%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e8%a7%a3%e9%87%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/204838\/","title":{"rendered":"SOLID \u539f\u5219 – \u4f7f\u7528 Python \u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u793a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca"},"content":{"rendered":"

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SOLID \u539f\u5219 – \u4f7f\u7528 Python \u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u793a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca<\/h1>\n

\u4e00\u5206\u8015\u8018\uff0c\u4e00\u5206\u6536\u83b7\uff01\u65e2\u7136\u90fd\u6253\u5f00\u8fd9\u7bc7\u300aSOLID \u539f\u5219 – \u4f7f\u7528 Python \u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u793a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u300b<\/span>\uff0c\u5c31\u575a\u6301\u770b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5b66\u4e0b\u53bb\u5427\uff01\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u8bb2\u5230<\/span>\u7b49\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u6709\u597d\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u6216\u8005\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u79ef\u6781\u63d0\u51fa\uff01\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u66f4\u65b0\u6587\u7ae0<\/span>\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01<\/p>\n

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\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1afreecodecamp\uff09 <\/h6>\n

solid \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f29\u5199\u8bcd\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e94\u9879\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u53ef\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u9010\u4e00\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5e94\u8be5\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5e94\u8be5\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u6216\u804c\u8d23\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong>\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53d1\u9001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4ed8\u6b3e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5219\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u66f4\u6539\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u4ed8\u6b3e\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u804c\u8d23\u5206\u5f00\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u67d0\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n

\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n

class emailsender:\n    def send_email(self, recipient, subject, body):\n        # code to send an email\n        print(f\"sending email to {recipient} with subject '{subject}'\")\n\nclass paymentprocessor:\n    def process_payment(self, amount):\n        # code to process payment\n        print(f\"processing payment of amount {amount}\")\n\n# usage\nemail_sender = emailsender()\nemail_sender.send_email(\"user@example.com\", \"hello!\", \"welcome to our service!\")\n\npayment_processor = paymentprocessor()\npayment_processor.process_payment(100)\n<\/pre>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cemailsender \u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u53d1\u9001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c paymentprocessor \u4ec5\u8d1f\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u4ed8\u6b3e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5b9e\u4f53\uff08\u5982\u7c7b\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u7b49\uff09\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u6269\u5c55\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4fee\u6539\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u5411\u7c7b\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u66f4\u6539\u5176\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u60a8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u652f\u4ed8\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u4fee\u6539\u73b0\u6709\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
from abc import abc, abstractmethod\n\nclass paymentprocessor(abc):\n    @abstractmethod\n    def process_payment(self, amount):\n        pass\n\nclass creditcardpayment(paymentprocessor):\n    def process_payment(self, amount):\n        print(f\"processing credit card payment of {amount}\")\n\nclass paypalpayment(paymentprocessor):\n    def process_payment(self, amount):\n        print(f\"processing paypal payment of {amount}\")\n\n# usage\npayments = [creditcardpayment(), paypalpayment()]\nfor payment in payments:\n    payment.process_payment(100)\n<\/pre>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cpaymentprocessor \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u4ed8\u6b3e\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u3002 creditcardpayment \u548c paypalpayment \u662f\u6269\u5c55\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u60f3\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6269\u5c55 paymentprocessor \u7684\u65b0\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u73b0\u6709\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b50\u7c7b\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u89e3\u91ca<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8d85\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e vehicle \u7c7b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 car \u6216 bike\u3002<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
class vehicle:\n    def start_engine(self):\n        pass\n\nclass car(vehicle):\n    def start_engine(self):\n        print(\"starting car engine...\")\n\nclass bike(vehicle):\n    def start_engine(self):\n        print(\"starting bike engine...\")\n\n# usage\ndef start_vehicle_engine(vehicle: vehicle):\n    vehicle.start_engine()\n\ncar = car()\nbike = bike()\n\nstart_vehicle_engine(car)  # should work fine\nstart_vehicle_engine(bike) # should work fine\n<\/pre>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0ccar \u548c bike \u662f vehicle \u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002 start_vehicle_engine \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e vehicle \u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5b50\u7c7b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u8feb\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u80d6\u63a5\u53e3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u57fa\u4e8e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ec4\u7684\u5c0f\u63a5\u53e3\u662f\u9996\u9009\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u670d\u52a1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u5efa\u8bae\u60a8\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u6bcf\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u521b\u5efa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u7528\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u60a8\u6709\u4e00\u53f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u5370\u3001\u626b\u63cf\u548c\u4f20\u771f\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6709\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u6253\u5370\u6216\u626b\u63cf\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f3a\u8feb\u5b83\u4eec\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
from abc import abc, abstractmethod\n\nclass printer(abc):\n    @abstractmethod\n    def print(self, document):\n        pass\n\nclass scanner(abc):\n    @abstractmethod\n    def scan(self, document):\n        pass\n\nclass multifunctiondevice(printer, scanner):\n    def print(self, document):\n        print(f\"printing: {document}\")\n\n    def scan(self, document):\n        print(f\"scanning: {document}\")\n\n# usage\nmfd = multifunctiondevice()\nmfd.print(\"document 1\")\nmfd.scan(\"document 2\")\n<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6253\u5370\u673a\u548c\u626b\u63cf\u4eea\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002 multifunctiondevice \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u4e24\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u4ec5\u6253\u5370\u6216\u4ec5\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u63a5\u53e3\u9694\u79bb\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ad8\u5c42\u6a21\u5757\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4f4e\u5c42\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u63a5\u53e3\uff09\u3002\u62bd\u8c61\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u7ec6\u8282\u5e94\u8be5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bf4\u660e<\/strong>\uff1a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7c7b\u4e0d\u5e94\u76f4\u63a5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u63a5\u53e3\u6216\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\nclass NotificationService(ABC):\n    @abstractmethod\n    def send(self, message):\n        pass\n\nclass EmailNotificationService(NotificationService):\n    def send(self, message):\n        print(f\"Sending email: {message}\")\n\nclass SMSNotificationService(NotificationService):\n    def send(self, message):\n        print(f\"Sending SMS: {message}\")\n\nclass NotificationSender:\n    def __init__(self, service: NotificationService):\n        self.service = service\n\n    def notify(self, message):\n        self.service.send(message)\n\n# Usage\nemail_service = EmailNotificationService()\nsms_service = SMSNotificationService()\n\nnotifier = NotificationSender(email_service)\nnotifier.notify(\"Hello via Email\")\n\nnotifier = NotificationSender(sms_service)\nnotifier.notify(\"Hello via SMS\")\n<\/pre>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cnotificationsender \u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8enotificationservice \u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u50cfemailnotificationservice \u6216smsnotificationservice \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u66f4\u6539notificationsender\u7c7b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5207\u6362\u901a\u77e5\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
    \u5355\u4e00\u804c\u8d23\u539f\u5219\uff08srp\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u5b83\u505a\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u5f00\u95ed\u539f\u5219\uff08ocp\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u6269\u5c55\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4fee\u6539\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u5219\uff08lsp\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b50\u7c7b\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u66ff\u6362\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u63a5\u53e3\u9694\u79bb\u539f\u5219 (isp)<\/strong>\uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u8feb\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u4f9d\u8d56\u5012\u7f6e\u539f\u5219\uff08dip\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e9b solid \u539f\u5219\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u7ec8\u4e8e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b8c\u5566\uff01\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u300aSOLID \u539f\u5219 – \u4f7f\u7528 Python \u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u793a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u300b\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u4f60\u6536\u83b7\u591a\u591a\u4e86\u5427\uff01\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u6536\u85cf\u6216\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u66f4\u591a\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5427~\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5feb\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n
          \u7248\u672c\u58f0\u660e \u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u4e8e\uff1adev.to \u5982\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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