{"id":204323,"date":"2025-05-29T11:38:23","date_gmt":"2025-05-29T03:38:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/204323\/"},"modified":"2025-05-29T11:38:23","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T03:38:23","slug":"%e7%bc%96%e5%86%99%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e4%b8%94%e5%8f%af%e8%af%bb%e7%9a%84-python-%e4%bb%a3%e7%a0%81%e7%9a%84%e5%bc%ba%e5%a4%a7%e6%8a%80%e6%9c%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/204323\/","title":{"rendered":"\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684 Python \u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u6280\u672f"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684 Python \u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u6280\u672f<\/h1>\n

\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u9762\u8bd5\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u5b9e\u6218\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6574\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u300a\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684 Python \u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u6280\u672f\u300b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01\u6b22\u8fce\u6536\u85cf\uff0c\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5b66\u4e60~<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

python \u4ee5\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u548c\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u80fd\u4ece\u91c7\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u53d7\u76ca\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u548c python \u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u6280\u672f\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u5728\u5f53\u4eca\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6280\u672f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u5fc5\u987b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8 20 \u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8 python \u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u60a8\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u8fd8\u662f\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u751f\u6210\u5668\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u591a\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u6b21\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4efd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u5927\u578b\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

def read_large_file(file_path):\n    with open(file_path, 'r') as file:\n        for line in file:\n            yield line.strip()\n<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u6216\u6279\u91cf\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u952e\uff0c.setdefault() \u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u60a8\u514d\u4e8e\u624b\u52a8\u68c0\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n
inventory = {\"jeans\": 500, \"top\": 600}\ninventory.setdefault(\"shoes\", 0)\nprint(inventory)\n<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ba1\u7406\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u7684 if \u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u6620\u5c04\u51fd\u6570\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u957f\u7684 if-elif \u94fe\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u5e72\u51c0\u4e14\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n
def start(): print(\"start\")\ndef stop(): print(\"stop\")\nactions = {\"start\": start, \"stop\": stop}\naction = \"start\"\nactions.get(action, lambda: print(\"invalid\"))()\n<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5927\u578b\u51b3\u7b56\u6811\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u96c6\u5408\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684 counter \u7c7b\u662f\u7b80\u5316 python \u4e2d\u8ba1\u6570\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9891\u7387\u5206\u6790\uff09\u7684\u597d\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
from collections import counter\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"banana\"]\ncounts = counter(words)\nprint(counts)\n<\/pre>\n
\u5b83\u65e0\u9700\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8ba1\u6570\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u6590\u6ce2\u90a3\u5951\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u9012\u5f52\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
from functools import lru_cache\n\n@lru_cache(maxsize=1000)\ndef fibonacci(n):\n    if n < 2:\n        return n\n    return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2)\n<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u989d\u5916\u5185\u5b58\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
python \u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c06\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u6216\u8ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4fee\u6539\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n
import time\n\ndef timer(func):\n    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):\n        start_time = time.time()\n        result = func(*args, **kwargs)\n        print(f\"{func.__name__} took {time.time() - start_time:.6f} seconds\")\n        return result\n    return wrapper\n\n@timer\ndef slow_function():\n    time.sleep(1)\n\nslow_function()\n<\/pre>\n
python \u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 init\u3001repr \u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u4e14\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
from dataclasses import dataclass\n\n@dataclass\nclass employee:\n    name: str\n    id: int\n    salary: float\n\ne = employee(\"alice\", 1, 50000)\nprint(e)\n<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u51cf\u5c11\u6837\u677f\u4ee3\u7801\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u6e05\u6d01\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 python 3.10\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u5f0f\u5339\u914d\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u5339\u914d\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5197\u957f\u7684 if-else \u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n
def describe_point(point):\n    match point:\n        case (0, 0):\n            return \"origin\"\n        case (0, y):\n            return f\"on y-axis at {y}\"\n        case (x, 0):\n            return f\"on x-axis at {x}\"\n        case (x, y):\n            return f\"point at ({x}, {y})\"\n<\/pre>\n
\u8981\u4e00\u6b21\u9a8c\u8bc1\u591a\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528 all() \u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u4ee3\u7801\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n
fields = [\"name\", \"email\", \"age\"]\ndata = {\"name\": \"alice\", \"email\": \"alice@example.com\", \"age\": 25}\nif all(field in data for field in fields):\n    print(\"all fields are present\")\n<\/pre>\n
\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5faa\u73af\u7b80\u6d01\u4e14\u5bcc\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u529b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n
squares = [x ** 2 for x in range(10)]\n<\/pre>\n
\u5b83\u4eec\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u5faa\u73af\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5217\u8868\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n
sum_of_squares = sum(x ** 2 for x in range(1000))\n<\/pre>\n
\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u6309\u9700\u751f\u6210\u503c\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
zip() \u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5e76\u884c\u8fed\u4ee3\u591a\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
names = [\"alice\", \"bob\"]\nages = [25, 30]\nfor name, age in zip(names, ages):\n    print(f\"{name} is {age} years old\")\n<\/pre>\n
with \u8bed\u53e5\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u5957\u4ef6\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n
with open(\"data.txt\") as file:\n    data = file.read()\n<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\u5e76\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u4f7f\u60a8\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9 ide \u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u68c0\u6d4b\u6f5c\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n
def add(a: int, b: int) -> int:\n    return a + b\n<\/pre>\n
\u7c7b\u578b\u63d0\u793a\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5927\u578b\u4ee3\u7801\u5e93\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u771f\uff0cany() \u6bd4\u94fe\u5f0f or \u6761\u4ef6\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\u3002<\/p>\n
permissions = [\"read\", \"write\"]\nif any(permission == \"admin\" for permission in permissions):\n    print(\"admin access granted\")\n<\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5141\u8bb8\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u589e\u52a0\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
try:\n    result = risky_function()\nexcept valueerror:\n    print(\"invalid input\")\nelse:\n    print(\"success:\", result)\nfinally:\n    print(\"operation complete\")\n<\/pre>\n
\u547d\u540d\u5143\u7ec4\u4e3a\u5143\u7ec4\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
from collections import namedtuple\n\nemployee = namedtuple(\"employee\", \"name id salary\")\ne = employee(name=\"alice\", id=1, salary=50000)\n<\/pre>\n
f \u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u5feb\u3001\u66f4\u6613\u8bfb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
name = \"alice\"\nprint(f\"hello, {name}!\")\n<\/pre>\n
itertools \u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u6210\u6392\u5217\u3001\u7ec4\u5408\u6216\u91cd\u590d\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n
from itertools import permutations\n\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\nfor perm in permutations(items):\n    print(perm)\n<\/pre>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5e2e\u52a9\u7ba1\u7406\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u6e05\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
from contextlib import contextmanager\n\n@contextmanager\ndef open_file(name):\n    file = open(name, \"w\")\n    yield file\n    file.close()\n<\/pre>\n
\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u51fa\u4e0d\u4ec5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u6613\u8bfb\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684 python \u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6e10\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u878d\u5165\u5230\u60a8\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u7f16\u7801\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ec8\u4e8e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b8c\u5566\uff01\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6548\u4e14\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684 Python \u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u6280\u672f\u300b\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u4f60\u6536\u83b7\u591a\u591a\u4e86\u5427\uff01\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u6536\u85cf\u6216\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u66f4\u591a\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5427~\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5feb\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n
      \u7248\u672c\u58f0\u660e \u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u4e8e\uff1adev.to \u5982\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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