{"id":204195,"date":"2025-05-29T10:48:08","date_gmt":"2025-05-29T02:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/204195\/"},"modified":"2025-05-29T10:48:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T02:48:08","slug":"%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2-python-%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%90%8d%e7%a7%b0%e4%bf%ae%e9%a5%b0%ef%bc%9a%e5%ae%83%e6%98%af%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e4%bb%a5%e5%8f%8a%e5%ae%83%e6%98%af%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/204195\/","title":{"rendered":"\u63a2\u7d22 Python \u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u9970\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

\u63a2\u7d22 Python \u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u9970\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684<\/h1>\n

\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u5bf9\u6587\u7ae0\u7f16\u7a0b\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u5417\uff1f\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u672c\u6587\u300a\u63a2\u7d22 Python \u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u9970\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u300b\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u9002\u5408\u4f60\uff0c\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8bb2\u89e3\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4f1a\u591a\u591a\u5206\u4eab\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u79ef\u7d2f\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

python \u4ee5\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b (oop) \u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f83\u5c11\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u5065\u58ee\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u662f\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5f15\u5bfc\u60a8\u4e86\u89e3\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u9970\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3001python \u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u9632\u6b62\u590d\u6742\u7c7b\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n

python \u5141\u8bb8\u5b50\u7c7b\u8986\u76d6\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u5b50\u7c7b\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u8986\u76d6\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u540d\u79f0\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u6539\u662f python \u7528\u6765\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u79c1\u6709\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

python \u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u9970\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u66f4\u6539\u79c1\u6709\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u9519\u8bef\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9690\u79c1\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6ca1\u6709\u4e25\u683c\u6267\u884c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728 python \u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u524d\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf (__) \u4e14\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3e\u968f\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u90fd\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u6539\u3002\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u540d\u79f0\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7c7b\u540d\u6765\u8f6c\u6362\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u8986\u76d6\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cpython \u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u9970\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u6539\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

from datetime import datetime, timedelta\nfrom time import time, sleep\n\nclass machine:\n    def __init__(self, id):\n        self.id = id\n        self._started = time()\n\n    def uptime(self):\n        return time() - self._started\n\nclass petrolmachine(machine):\n    def __init__(self, id):\n        super().__init__(id)\n        self._started = datetime.now()\n\n    def cost(self):\n        duration = datetime.now() - self._started\n        return duration\/timedelta(seconds=60) *0.02\n\nworked = petrolmachine('12345')\nsleep(0.123)\nprint(f\"uptime : {worked.uptime():.2f}\")\n<\/pre>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cmachine \u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528 python \u7684 time() \u51fd\u6570\u5b58\u50a8 id \u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u60a8\u8bf7\u6c42\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f53\u524d\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u503c\uff0c\u8be5\u5dee\u503c\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3a\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b petrolmachine \u4f7f\u7528 datetime.now() \u5b58\u50a8\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u65f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u671f\u671b start_time \u662f\u6d6e\u70b9\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u65e5\u671f\u65f6\u95f4\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u5b50\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u8986\u76d6\u7236\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u6539\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u90a3\u4e48\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u6539\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5462\uff1f\u5f53\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u4ee5\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u4e3a\u524d\u7f00\u65f6\uff0cpython \u5728\u5185\u90e8\u66f4\u6539\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u7c7b\u540d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u7f00\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u6539\u6765\u4fee\u6539 machine \u7c7b\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u540d\u79f0\u51b2\u7a81\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9 machine \u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684 __started \u5c5e\u6027\u5e94\u7528\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u6539\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n
from datetime import datetime, timedelta\nfrom time import time, sleep\n\nclass machine:\n    def __init__(self, id):\n        self.id = id\n        self.__started = time()\n\n    def uptime(self):\n        return time() - self.__started  \n\nclass petrolmachine(machine):\n    def __init__(self, id):\n        super().__init__(id)\n        self._started = datetime.now()\n\n    def cost(self):\n        duration = datetime.now() - self._started\n        return duration\/timedelta(seconds=60) *0.02\n\n\nworked = petrolmachine('12345')\nsleep(0.123)\nprint(f\"uptime : {worked.uptime():.2f}\")\n<\/pre>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8868\u8fbe\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a classa \u7c7b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a private_variable\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u5df2\u635f\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n
class myclass:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.__private_var = \"i am private\"\n\n    def get_private_var(self):\n        return self.__private_var\n\nmy_object = myclass()\nprint(my_object.get_private_var())  # this works\nprint(my_object.__private_var)\n<\/pre>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a print() \u5c06\u5f15\u53d1 attributeerror\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53d8\u91cf __private_var \u5df2\u88ab\u540d\u79f0\u7834\u574f\u3002\u5728\u5185\u90e8\uff0cpython \u5df2\u5c06\u540d\u79f0\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a _myclass__private_var\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ece\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136 python \u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u9970\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u610f\u5916\u8bbf\u95ee\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u60a8\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u635f\u574f\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u635f\u574f\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u9f13\u52b1\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a my_object._myclass__private_var <\/p>\n
print(my_object._myclass__private_var)\n<\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5b83<\/p>\n
class MyClass:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self._protected_var = \"I'm protected\"\n        self.__private_var__ = \"I'm not mangled\"\n<\/pre>\n
\u5728 python \u4e2d\uff0c\u524d\u5bfc\u5355\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 _protected_var\uff09\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u201c\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u7c7b\u5916\u90e8\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cpython \u5e76\u4e0d\u5f3a\u5236\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u524d\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 __private_var\uff09\u4f1a\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u610f\u5916\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e24\u4fa7\u5e26\u6709\u53cc\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff08\u4f8b\u5982 __special__\uff09\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u7834\u574f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u7279\u6b8a\u7528\u4f8b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9b54\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u4fdd\u7559\u3002<\/p>\n
 \u597d\u5904 <\/h4>\n
    \n
  • \u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u610f\u5916\u8986\u76d6\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n
  • \u63d0\u4f9b\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u592a\u591a\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
     \u5c40\u9650\u6027 <\/h4>\n
      \n
    • \u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u2014\u2014\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u635f\u574f\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u8bdd\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5982\u679c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\u4ee3\u7801\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      _ \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u9970\u4ecd\u7136\u662f python oop \u5de5\u5177\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9690\u79c1\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9632\u6b62\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u610f\u5916\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u8986\u76d6\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u9970\u5c06\u4f7f\u60a8\u80fd\u591f\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u5065\u58ee\u3001\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7c7b\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u65f6\u3002\u5728\u60a8\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u4e2d\u5206\u4eab\u60a8\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6216\u95ee\u9898\uff01_<\/p>\n
      \u7ec8\u4e8e\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b8c\u5566\uff01\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u63a2\u7d22 Python \u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4fee\u9970\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u300b\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u4f60\u6536\u83b7\u591a\u591a\u4e86\u5427\uff01\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u6536\u85cf\u6216\u5206\u4eab\u7ed9\u66f4\u591a\u9700\u8981\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5427~\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u5e03\u6587\u7ae0\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5feb\u6765\u5173\u6ce8\u5427\uff01<\/p>\n
            \u7248\u672c\u58f0\u660e \u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u4e8e\uff1adev.to \u5982\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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