{"id":204062,"date":"2025-05-29T11:48:08","date_gmt":"2025-05-29T03:48:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/204062\/"},"modified":"2025-05-29T11:48:08","modified_gmt":"2025-05-29T03:48:08","slug":"%e9%9d%a2%e5%90%91%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b-oop-%e5%8e%9f%e5%88%99%e7%9a%84%e5%85%a8%e9%9d%a2%e6%a6%82%e8%bf%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/204062\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b (OOP) \u539f\u5219\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6982\u8ff0"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><\/b>     <\/p>\n<h1>\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b (OOP) \u539f\u5219\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6982\u8ff0<\/h1>\n<p>\u4ece\u73b0\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u5b66\u4e60\u5427\uff01\u672c\u6587<span style=\"color: #FF6600;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;background-color: #FFFFFF\">\u300a\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b (OOP) \u539f\u5219\u7684\u5168\u9762\u6982\u8ff0\u300b<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86<span style=\"color: #FF6600;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;background-color: #FFFFFF\"><\/span>\u7b49\u7b49\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4f1a\u5728\u4e2d\u6301\u7eed\u66f4\u65b0\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u5e76\u79ef\u6781\u7559\u8a00\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u5148\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u672c\u7bc7\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u5427\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5e2e\u5230\u4f60\uff01<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.17golang.com\/uploads\/20241026\/1729928179671c9bf347cbb.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\"><\/p>\n<p>\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\uff08oop\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u56f4\u7ed5\u201c\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u201c\u5bf9\u8c61\u201d\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5b83\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u6784\u5efa\u8f6f\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6570\u636e\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002 oop \u7684\u7279\u70b9\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>\u7c7b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u6216\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u5b83\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u5c5e\u6027\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b57\u6bb5\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u548c\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<li> <strong>object<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u8be5\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7c7b\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>   class car:\n       def __init__(self, make, model):\n           self.make = make\n           self.model = model\n\n       def drive(self):\n           print(f\"the {self.make} {self.model} is driving.\")\n\n   # creating an object of class car\n   my_car = car(\"toyota\", \"corolla\")\n   my_car.drive()  # output: the toyota corolla is driving.\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5c01\u88c5\u662f\u5c06\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5c5e\u6027\uff09\u548c\u5728\u7c7b\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u6346\u7ed1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8bbe\u4e3a\u79c1\u6709\uff08\u6216\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\uff09\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u516c\u5171\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u6570\u636e\uff08\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e76\u964d\u4f4e\u610f\u5916\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>   class bankaccount:\n       def __init__(self, balance):\n           self.__balance = balance  # private attribute\n\n       def deposit(self, amount):\n           self.__balance += amount\n\n       def get_balance(self):\n           return self.__balance\n\n   account = bankaccount(1000)\n   account.deposit(500)\n   print(account.get_balance())  # output: 1500\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u7ee7\u627f\u5141\u8bb8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b50\u7c7b\u6216\u5b50\u7c7b\uff09\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d85\u7c7b\u6216\u7236\u7c7b\uff09\u7ee7\u627f\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u5e76\u5728\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>   class animal:\n       def speak(self):\n           print(\"animal speaks\")\n\n   class dog(animal):  # dog inherits from animal\n       def speak(self):\n           print(\"dog barks\")\n\n   my_dog = dog()\n   my_dog.speak()  # output: dog barks\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cdog \u7ee7\u627f\u81ea animal\uff0c\u4f46\u91cd\u5199\u4e86 talk \u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u6001\u6027\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u5171\u63a5\u53e3\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff08\u5b50\u7c7b\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5728\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\uff08\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u5728 python \u4e2d\u4e0d\u592a\u5e38\u89c1\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>   class animal:\n       def speak(self):\n           raise notimplementederror(\"subclasses must implement this method\")\n\n   class cat(animal):\n       def speak(self):\n           print(\"cat meows\")\n\n   class dog(animal):\n       def speak(self):\n           print(\"dog barks\")\n\n   animals = [cat(), dog()]\n\n   for animal in animals:\n       animal.speak()  # output: cat meows, dog barks\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0ccat \u548c dog \u90fd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a animal \u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u8c03\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 talk \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u591a\u6001\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62bd\u8c61\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u7c7b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u5e76\u4ec5\u516c\u5f00\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u5185\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>   from abc import ABC, abstractmethod\n\n   class Shape(ABC):\n       @abstractmethod\n       def area(self):\n           pass\n\n   class Rectangle(Shape):\n       def __init__(self, width, height):\n           self.width = width\n           self.height = height\n\n       def area(self):\n           return self.width * self.height\n\n   rect = Rectangle(10, 5)\n   print(rect.area())  # Output: 50\n<\/pre>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cshape\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7c7b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u62bd\u8c61\u65b9\u6cd5area()\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b rectangle \u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002<\/p>\n<hr>\n<ul>\n<li> <strong>\u6a21\u5757\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4ee3\u7801\u88ab\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ef4\u62a4\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u591a\u6001\u6027\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027<\/strong>\uff1aoop \u652f\u6301\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u5927\u3001\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/li>\n<li> <strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c01\u88c5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u5f3a\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u6df1\u5165\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b~<\/p>\n<p>      \u7248\u672c\u58f0\u660e \u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u4e8e\uff1adev.to \u5982\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb\u5220\u9664<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b (OOP) \u539f\u5219\u7684&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4925],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-204062","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4925"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204062","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=204062"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204062\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=204062"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=204062"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=204062"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}