{"id":203995,"date":"2025-05-25T10:27:07","date_gmt":"2025-05-25T02:27:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=203995"},"modified":"2025-05-25T10:27:07","modified_gmt":"2025-05-25T02:27:07","slug":"%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%87linux%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%ae%89%e5%85%a8%e4%b8%8e%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%ef%bc%9a%e8%af%a6%e8%a7%a3sudo%e6%9d%83%e9%99%90%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/203995\/","title":{"rendered":"\u63d0\u5347Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\uff1a\u8be6\u89e3sudo\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u524d\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u7684Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5173\u952e\u73af\u8282\u3002<strong>sudo<\/strong> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u53ef\u5ba1\u8ba1\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u56f4\u7ed5 sudo \u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u7528\u6cd5\u5c55\u5f00\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5458\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5408\u7406\u5206\u914d\u6743\u9650\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u8fd0\u7ef4\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e00\u3001sudo \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4e3a\u4f55\u5b83\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>sudo\uff08\u5373 &#8220;superuser do&#8221;\uff09\u5141\u8bb8\u666e\u901a\u7528\u6237\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f root\uff09\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u9700\u5207\u6362\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76f8\u6bd4 su \u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u7c92\u5ea6\u7ec6\u5316\u5230\u201c\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u201d\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u8bef\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u6ee5\u7528\u6743\u9650\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u591a\u4eba\u534f\u4f5c\u7684<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e sudo \u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e8c\u3001sudo \u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7528\u6cd5\u6982\u89c8<\/h2>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684 sudo \u547d\u4ee4\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo command             # \u4f7f\u7528 root \u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\r\nsudo -u username command # \u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u8fd0\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\r\nsudo -i                  # \u83b7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 root shell \u73af\u5883\r\nsudo -l                  # \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u7528\u6237\u88ab\u6388\u6743\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6e05\u5355\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u547d\u4ee4\u51e0\u4e4e\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u65e5\u5e38\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6258\u7ba1\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684<strong>\u9999\u6e2fvps<\/strong>\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e09\u3001\u914d\u7f6e sudo \u6743\u9650\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>\u6240\u6709 sudo \u6743\u9650\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8e <code>\/etc\/sudoers<\/code>\u3002<strong>\u5f3a\u70c8\u5efa\u8bae<\/strong>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>visudo<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u7f16\u8f91\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5931\u53bb sudo \u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u914d\u7f6e\u8bed\u6cd5\u683c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">&lt;\u7528\u6237\u540d&gt; &lt;\u4e3b\u673a&gt;= (&lt;\u53ef\u5207\u6362\u8eab\u4efd&gt;) &lt;\u547d\u4ee4\u5217\u8868&gt;\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/h3>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">admin  ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: \/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<code>admin<\/code> \u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u673a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4efb\u4f55\u7528\u6237\u8eab\u4efd\u65e0\u9700\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\u6267\u884c\u91cd\u542f nginx \u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u56db\u3001\u5178\u578b\u573a\u666f\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u9650\u5236\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">devuser ALL=(ALL) \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6b64\u89c4\u5219\u786e\u4fdd <code>devuser<\/code> \u4ec5\u80fd\u6267\u884c nginx \u91cd\u542f\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>\u591a\u7528\u6237\u5171\u4eab\u6743\u9650\u7ec4<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">Cmnd_Alias RESTART_CMDS = \/sbin\/reboot, \/usr\/bin\/systemctl restart nginx\r\nUser_Alias OPS = alice, bob\r\n\r\nOPS ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: RESTART_CMDS\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c<code>OPS<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u80fd\u514d\u5bc6\u6267\u884c <code>RESTART_CMDS<\/code> \u547d\u4ee4\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>\u5141\u8bb8\u7f16\u8f91\u7279\u5b9a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">editor ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: \/usr\/bin\/vi \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u786e\u4fdd\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ea\u80fd\u7f16\u8f91\u6307\u5b9a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u952e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>\u8d4b\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u5b8c\u6574 root \u6743\u9650<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">rootuser ALL=(ALL) ALL\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8 <code>rootuser<\/code> \u4ee5 root \u6743\u9650\u6267\u884c\u6240\u6709\u547d\u4ee4\uff08\u9700\u8f93\u5165\u5bc6\u7801\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u4f7f\u7528<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7528\u6237\u914d\u7f6e\u5c06\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u52a0\u5165 <code>wheel<\/code> \u7ec4\u540c\u6837\u5177\u5907\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4f9d\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7248\u672c\u800c\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e94\u3001sudo \u6267\u884c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8ffd\u8e2a<\/h2>\n<p>sudo \u7684\u6267\u884c\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u81ea\u52a8\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ubuntu\/Debian \u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong>\uff1a<code>\/var\/log\/auth.log<\/code><\/li>\n<li><strong>CentOS\/RHEL \u7cfb\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7<\/strong>\uff1a<code>\/var\/log\/secure<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u65e5\u5fd7\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u6267\u884c\u8005\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u3001\u7ec8\u7aef\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u6267\u884c\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u662f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7ea7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u516d\u3001sudo \u6743\u9650\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5efa\u8bae<\/h2>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6700\u5c0f\u6743\u9650\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u6388\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u6700\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u901a\u914d\u7b26<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982 <code>\/bin\/*<\/code> \u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u53d1\u6ee5\u7528\u95ee\u9898<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u614e\u7528 NOPASSWD<\/strong>\uff1a\u867d\u7136\u4fbf\u6377\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u63a7\u5236\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b9a\u671f\u5ba1\u67e5\u6388\u6743\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ca\u65f6\u6e05\u7406\u8fc7\u671f\u7528\u6237\u6216\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5728\u9ad8\u9891\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u591a\u7528\u6237\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u6216\u8fdc\u7a0b\u529e\u516c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u7684 sudo \u7ba1\u7406\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e03\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed\uff1a\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u662f\u5b89\u5168\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65<\/h2>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e sudo\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u6743\u9650\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u63a7\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6216\u8003\u8651\u90e8\u7f72<a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\/\"><strong>\u9999\u6e2fvps<\/strong><\/a>\u4e0e<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e00\u6743\u9650\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u6784\u5efa\u7a33\u5b9a\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5982\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u6258\u7ba1\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u9009\u62e9\u4e13\u4e1a<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u52a9\u60a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u7ef4\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; \u524d\u8a00 \u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u7684Li&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-203995","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203995","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=203995"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203995\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203995"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=203995"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=203995"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}