{"id":203993,"date":"2025-05-25T10:23:34","date_gmt":"2025-05-25T02:23:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=203993"},"modified":"2025-05-25T10:23:34","modified_gmt":"2025-05-25T02:23:34","slug":"%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%87%e8%bf%90%e7%bb%b4%e6%95%88%e7%8e%87%e7%9a%8410%e4%b8%aa%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88shell%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e6%8a%80%e5%b7%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/203993\/","title":{"rendered":"\u63d0\u5347\u8fd0\u7ef4\u6548\u7387\u768410\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6548Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u6280\u5de7"},"content":{"rendered":"

 <\/p>\n

\u524d\u8a00<\/h1>\n

\u5728\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0cShell \u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 Shell \u4f7f\u7528\u6280\u5de7\u90fd\u80fd\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u65e5\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6574\u7406\u4e8610\u4e2a\u5b9e\u7528\u7684 Shell \u547d\u4ee4\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u9999\u6e2fvps<\/strong>\u6216\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u5229\u7528 grep \u7cbe\u51c6\u641c\u7d22\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f<\/h2>\n

grep<\/code> \u662f\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5fd7\u65f6\u7684\u5229\u5668\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u76d1\u63a7\u6545\u969c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5173\u952e\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n

grep \"ERROR\" \/var\/log\/syslog\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u540c\u65f6\u67e5\u627e\u591a\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528 -E<\/code> \u542f\u7528\u6269\u5c55\u6b63\u5219\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n
grep -E \"ERROR|WARNING\" \/var\/log\/syslog\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u914d\u5408\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5f3a\u5927\u7684I\/O\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u5904\u7406\u4e5f\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n
2. find \u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u67e5\u627e\u5de5\u5177<\/h2>\n
\u67e5\u627e\u6307\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
find \/home\/user -name \"*.txt\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u67e5\u627e7\u5929\u5185\u6709\u6539\u52a8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
find \/home\/user -mtime -7\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
find<\/code> \u8fd8\u53ef\u7ed3\u5408 -exec<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u6279\u91cf\u5220\u9664\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u6e05\u7406\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
3. awk\uff1a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u4e0e\u683c\u5f0f\u5904\u7406<\/h2>\n
awk<\/code> \u662f\u5206\u6790\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001CSV\u7b49\u6587\u672c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u52a9\u624b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u63d0\u53d6CSV\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\uff1a<\/p>\n
awk -F, '{print $2}' data.csv\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u914d\u5408 Shell \u811a\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7b5b\u9009\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u662f\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u9996\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n
4. cd \u5feb\u6377\u5bfc\u822a\u6280\u5de7\u63d0\u5347\u76ee\u5f55\u5207\u6362\u6548\u7387<\/h2>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 cd -<\/code> \u5feb\u901f\u5207\u6362\u5230\u4e0a\u6b21\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u7f29\u5199\u8def\u5f84\u529f\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u8df3\u8f6c\uff1a<\/p>\n
cd \/h\/t\/d\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8def\u5f84\u8865\u5168\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u64cd\u4f5c\u5927\u578b\u76ee\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u663e\u8457\u8282\u7701\u8def\u5f84\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n
5. xargs\uff1a\u5904\u7406\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6279\u91cf\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5668<\/h2>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\u6279\u91cf\u5220\u9664 .tmp<\/code> \u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
find \/tmp -name \"*.tmp\" | xargs rm\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6216\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5907\u4efd\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n
find . -name \"*.log\" | xargs -I {} mv {} backup\/\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u5bf9\u63a5\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u811a\u672c\u548c\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n
6. tee\uff1a\u540c\u6b65\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0e\u4fdd\u5b58\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h2>\n
\u60f3\u8981\u8fb9\u770b\u8fb9\u8bb0\u5f55\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\uff1f<\/p>\n
some_command | tee output.log\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u60f3\u8986\u76d6\u5df2\u6709\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u53ef\u8ffd\u52a0\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
some_command | tee -a output.log\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u4e0a\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u540c\u6b65\u8bb0\u5f55\u65b9\u5f0f\u6781\u5176\u5b9e\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
7. history\uff1a\u91cd\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387<\/h2>\n
\u5feb\u901f\u91cd\u590d\u4e0a\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
!!\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u6216\u8fd0\u884c\u7b2c42\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n
!42\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u914d\u5408 grep<\/code> \u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u67e5\u627e\u5386\u53f2\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n
history | grep docker\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5feb\u901f\u590d\u73b0\u5173\u952e\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n
8. alias\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u7b80\u5199\u522b\u540d<\/h2>\n
\u5c06\u7e41\u7410\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u7f29\u77ed\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f7f\u7528\u4fbf\u6377\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n
alias ll=\"ls -la\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5c06\u6b64\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6dfb\u52a0\u81f3 ~\/.bashrc<\/code> \u53ef\u4f7f\u5176\u6c38\u4e45\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u662f\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4f18\u5316Shell\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u5c0f\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n
9. tar \u547d\u4ee4\uff1a\u6253\u5305\u538b\u7f29\u5229\u5668<\/h2>\n
\u6253\u5305\u76ee\u5f55\uff1a<\/p>\n
tar -czvf archive.tar.gz folder\/\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u89e3\u538b\u7f29\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n
tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u8fc1\u79fb\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u6253\u5305\u5f52\u6863\u7b49\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u662f\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n
10. \u4f7f\u7528 && \u4e0e || \u63a7\u5236\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u903b\u8f91<\/h2>\n
\u5f53\u4f60\u5e0c\u671b\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ed3\u679c\u6267\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u52a8\u4f5c\u65f6\uff1a<\/p>\n
mkdir logs && cd logs\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ec5\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u6267\u884c\uff1a<\/p>\n
some_command || echo \"\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\"\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u63d0\u9ad8\u811a\u672c\u7684\u5bb9\u9519\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u903b\u8f91\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n
\n
\u5c0f\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b Shell \u547d\u4ee4\u4e0e\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u7ef4\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u7740\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u6216\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong><\/a>\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u52a0\u5feb\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u8ba9\u65e5\u5e38\u4efb\u52a1\u66f4\u52a0\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u8003\u8651\u642d\u5efa\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u4f4e\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u7684\u4f18\u8d28\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u52a9\u529b\u60a8\u6784\u5efa\u7a33\u5b9a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
  \u524d\u8a00 \u5728\u8fd0\u7ef4\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-203993","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=203993"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203993\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=203993"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=203993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}