{"id":203008,"date":"2025-05-22T12:15:20","date_gmt":"2025-05-22T04:15:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/203008\/"},"modified":"2025-05-22T12:15:20","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T04:15:20","slug":"java%e5%87%bd%e6%95%b0%e5%bc%8f%e7%bc%96%e7%a8%8b%e5%bc%82%e5%b8%b8%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e4%b8%8e%e5%8d%95%e5%85%83%e6%b5%8b%e8%af%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/203008\/","title":{"rendered":"Java\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><\/b>     <\/p>\n<h1>Java\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h1>\n<p>\u4e00\u5206\u8015\u8018\uff0c\u4e00\u5206\u6536\u83b7\uff01\u65e2\u7136\u90fd\u6253\u5f00\u8fd9\u7bc7<span style=\"color: #FF6600;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;background-color: #FFFFFF\">\u300aJava\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u300b<\/span>\uff0c\u5c31\u575a\u6301\u770b\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u5b66\u4e0b\u53bb\u5427\uff01\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u8bb2\u5230<span style=\"color: #FF6600;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;background-color: #FFFFFF\"><\/span>\u7b49\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u6709\u597d\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u6216\u8005\u770b\u5230\u6709\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u79ef\u6781\u63d0\u51fa\uff01\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u66f4\u65b0<span style=\"color: #FF6600;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;background-color: #FFFFFF\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/span>\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01<\/p>\n<p>Java \u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u6709\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u672a\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u4e4b\u5206\u3002\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 try-catch \u5757\u6216 throws \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u672a\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u7f16\u7a0b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 try-catch \u5757\u6216 Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler \u6765\u5904\u7406\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\u6f14\u793a\u4e86\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406 IOException \u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4f7f\u7528 JUnit \u4e2d\u7684 assertThrows() \u65ad\u8a00\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u629b\u51fa\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.17golang.com\/uploads\/20241027\/1730018551671dfcf74ac6d.jpg\" class=\"aligncenter\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Java \u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e0e\u547d\u4ee4\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u548c\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u66f4\u5177\u58f0\u660e\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728 Java \u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38 (Checked Exceptions)\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u672a\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38 (Unchecked Exceptions)\uff1a<\/strong>\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>IOException<\/code> \u6216 <code>SQLException<\/code>\u3002\u5904\u7406\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528 <code>try-catch<\/code> \u5757\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 <code>throws<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u58f0\u660e\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>try {\n  \/\/ \u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u51fa IOException \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\n} catch (IOException e) {\n  \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\n}<\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u672a\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u672a\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u7f16\u7a0b\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <code>NullPointerException<\/code> \u6216 <code>IllegalArgumentException<\/code>\u3002\u5904\u7406\u672a\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 <code>try-catch<\/code> \u5757\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 <code>Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler<\/code> \u6765\u5904\u7406\u672a\u6355\u83b7\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>try {\n  \/\/ \u53ef\u80fd\u629b\u51fa NullPointerException \u7684\u4ee3\u7801\n} catch (NullPointerException e) {\n  \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\n}<\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\u6765\u6f14\u793a Java \u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a <code>readFile()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<pre>public static String readFile(String path) throws IOException {\n  try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(path))) {\n    StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();\n    String line;\n    while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {\n      content.append(line).append(\"\\n\");\n    }\n    return content.toString();\n  }\n}<\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u629b\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a <code>IOException<\/code>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u4f4e\u7ea7 I\/O \u7c7b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u662f\u68c0\u67e5\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u8981\u8c03\u7528\u6b64\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528 <code>try-catch<\/code> \u5757\u6216\u58f0\u660e <code>readFile()<\/code> \u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>try {\n  String content = readFile(\"path\/to\/file.txt\");\n  \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\n} catch (IOException e) {\n  \/\/ \u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\n}<\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002JUnit \u4e2d\u7684 <code>assertThrows()<\/code> \u65ad\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5f02\u5e38\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u629b\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>@Test\npublic void readFile_whenFileDoesNotExist_throwsIOException() {\n  assertThrows(IOException.class, () -&gt; readFile(\"path\/to\/non-existent-file.txt\"));\n}<\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u660e\u786e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8 Java \u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u300aJava\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u300b\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5c31\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\u5566\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b66\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5b66\u4e60\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8bf7\u5173\u6ce8\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Java\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u5355\u5143&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4925],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-203008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-4925"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203008","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=203008"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/203008\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203008"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=203008"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=203008"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}