{"id":202509,"date":"2025-05-21T09:37:04","date_gmt":"2025-05-21T01:37:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/?p=202509"},"modified":"2025-05-21T09:37:04","modified_gmt":"2025-05-21T01:37:04","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90valgrind%ef%bc%9alinux%e4%b8%8b%e9%ab%98%e6%95%88%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e8%b0%83%e8%af%95%e5%b7%a5%e5%85%b7%e5%8f%8a%e5%85%b6%e5%ae%9e%e8%b7%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/202509\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790Valgrind\uff1aLinux\u4e0b\u9ad8\u6548\u5185\u5b58\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u8df5"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u5f15\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684C\/C++\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4e0e\u975e\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u9690\u60a3\u3002Valgrind \u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u5185\u5b58\u8c03\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u865a\u62df\u5316\u673a\u5236\u76d1\u6d4b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4e0e\u4fee\u590d\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u90e8\u7f72\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u5f00\u53d1\u5e95\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5f97\u534a\u70b9\u9a6c\u864e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90e8\u7f72\u5728\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u5e94\u7528\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u5e26\u5bbd\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u9002\u914d\u5185\u5730\u8bbf\u95ee\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u9002\u5408Valgrind\u8c03\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u90e8\u7f72\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>Valgrind\u7b80\u4ecb\u53ca\u5b89\u88c5\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>Valgrind \u662f\u4e00\u5957\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u662f Memcheck\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u975e\u6cd5\u8bfb\u53d6\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u91ca\u653e\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u7b49\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u8c03\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5728Ubuntu\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5Valgrind<\/strong>\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apt-get update\r\nsudo apt-get install valgrind\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>Memcheck\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\u7c7b\u578b<\/h2>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528 <code>--tool=memcheck<\/code> \u53c2\u6570\uff0cValgrind \u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u7c7b\u5185\u5b58\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u533a\u57df\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5bf9\u5df2\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5730\u5740\u8fdb\u884c\u8bfb\u5199\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5b58\u8bbf\u95ee\u8d8a\u754c\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u6808\u5185\u5b58\u975e\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u672a\u6b63\u786e\u91ca\u653e malloc\/new \u5206\u914d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><code>memcpy<\/code> \u7b49\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6e90\u5730\u5740\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u5730\u5740\u91cd\u53e0\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5404\u7c7b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\uff08Still reachable, Definitely lost, Possibly lost\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u65f6\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\u5728<strong>\u9999\u6e2fvps<\/strong>\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u4fdd\u969c\u670d\u52a1\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4f7f\u7528Valgrind\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u68c0\u67e5<\/h2>\n<p>\u7f16\u5199\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u5305\u542b\u8d8a\u754c\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-c\">#include &lt;stdlib.h&gt;\r\n\r\nvoid f(void){\r\n    int *x = malloc(10 * sizeof(int));\r\n    x[10] = 0; \/\/ \u6570\u7ec4\u8d8a\u754c\r\n    \/\/ \u5fd8\u8bb0\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\r\n}\r\n\r\nint main(void){\r\n    f();\r\n    return 0;\r\n}\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5f00\u542f\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u907f\u514d\u4f18\u5316\u9009\u9879\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">gcc -g test.c -o test\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u6267\u884cValgrind\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=full --log-file=.\/log.txt .\/test\r\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<code>log.txt<\/code>\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u4e91\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u548c\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5206\u6790Valgrind\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c<\/h2>\n<p>Valgrind \u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u7c7b\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>Invalid read\/write<\/code>: \u975e\u6cd5\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><code>Use of uninitialised values<\/code>: \u4f7f\u7528\u672a\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53d8\u91cf\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><code>Invalid free<\/code>: \u4f7f\u7528\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\uff1b<\/li>\n<li><code>Memory leak<\/code>: \u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u5185\u5b58\u672a\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u201cdefinitely lost\u201d\u201cpossibly lost\u201d\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u4fee\u590d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u6e90\u4e0a\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd0\u8425\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001API\u7f51\u5173\u7b49\u4f9d\u8d56\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u642d\u914d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\u90e8\u7f72\u5185\u5b58\u8c03\u8bd5\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u662f\u4fdd\u969c\u4ea7\u54c1\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/h2>\n<p>Valgrind \u4e3aC\/C++\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u68c0\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u9760\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u914d\u5408\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684<a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\/\"><strong>\u9999\u6e2fvps<\/strong><\/a>\u6216<strong>\u9999\u6e2f\u72ec\u7acb\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u90e8\u7f72\u6d4b\u8bd5\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u5168\u9762\u4fdd\u969c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5f15\u8a00 \u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684C\/C++\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4924],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-202509","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-setup-tutorials"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/202509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=202509"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/202509\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=202509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=202509"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=202509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}