{"id":200146,"date":"2025-05-06T12:02:33","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T04:02:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/200146\/"},"modified":"2025-05-06T12:02:33","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T04:02:33","slug":"%e4%bc%98%e5%8c%96-sql-%e6%9f%a5%e8%af%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/200146\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f18\u5316 SQL \u67e5\u8be2"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

\u4f18\u5316 SQL \u67e5\u8be2<\/h1>\n

\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u300a\u4f18\u5316 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u300b\uff0c\u8986\u76d6\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u57fa\u7840\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8bf4\u5b8c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6(B \u6570)\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f25\u8865\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u59cb\u7ec8\u82b1\u65f6\u95f4\u627e\u5230\u7f16\u5199\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f7f\u7528\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5feb\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u901f\u5ea6\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u5bf9\u4e8e\u62e5\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a web \u670d\u52a1\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u7f51\u7ad9\u7528\u6237\u6700\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4f7f\u7528 mysql \u6d4b\u8bd5\u5458\u5de5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1ahttps:\/\/dev.mysql.com\/doc\/employee\/en\/<\/p>\n

\n

\u6a21\u5f0f <\/h2>\n
create table `employees` (\n  `emp_no` int not null,\n  `birth_date` date not null,\n  `first_name` varchar(14) not null,\n  `last_name` varchar(16) not null,\n  `gender` enum('m','f') not null,\n  `hire_date` date not null,\n  primary key (`emp_no`),\n  key `name` (`first_name`,`last_name`) \n)\n<\/pre>\n
create table `salaries` (\n  `emp_no` int not null,\n  `salary` int not null,\n  `from_date` date not null,\n  `to_date` date not null,\n  primary key (`emp_no`,`from_date`),\n  key `salary` (`emp_no`,`salary`)\n)\n<\/pre>\n
\u85aa\u6c34\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u591a\u6b21\u5305\u542b\u540c\u4e00\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u5458\u5de5\u85aa\u6c34\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u85aa\u6c34\u8868\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
 \u4efb\u52a1 <\/h2>\n
\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u8d85\u8fc7 50,000 \u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u7f16\u53f7\u3001\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u59d3\u6c0f\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u9009\u62e9\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6ca1\u6709\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u3002<\/p>\n
 \u4f7f\u7528 distinct <\/h2>\n
select distinct\n    employees.emp_no,\n    first_name,\n    last_name\nfrom\n    employees\n    inner join salaries using (emp_no)\nwhere\n    salary > 50000\n<\/pre>\n
\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 distinct \u8868\u660e\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002 <\/p>\n
distinct \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u67e5\u8be2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u5220\u9664\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n
\n
distinct \u662f\u6839\u636e\u6240\u6709\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002 <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n
\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u66f4\u6539\u7684\u5217\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 salary<\/strong><\/p>\n
select distinct\n    employees.emp_no,\n    first_name,\n    last_name,\n    salary\nfrom\n    employees\n    inner join salaries using (emp_no)\nwhere\n    salary > 50000\n<\/pre>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a<\/p>\n
-> table scan on <temporary>  (cost=241946..245972 rows=321886)\n   \u2514\u2500> temporary table with deduplication  (cost=241946..241946 rows=321886)\n      \u2514\u2500> nested loop inner join  (cost=209757 rows=321886)\n         \u251c\u2500> filter: (salaries.salary > 50000)  (cost=97097 rows=321886)\n         \u2502  \u2514\u2500> index scan on salaries using salary  (cost=97097 rows=965756)\n         \u2514\u2500> single-row index lookup on employees using primary (emp_no=salaries.emp_no)  (cost=0.25 rows=1)\n<\/pre>\n
\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u663e\u793a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u8f83\u6162\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e73\u5747\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/strong>745ms<\/p>\n
 \u4f7f\u7528 group by <\/h2>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u552f\u4e00\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 group by<\/p>\n
group by \u901a\u5e38\u6bd4 distinct \u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5220\u9664\u91cd\u590d\u9879\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u67e5\u8be2\u8ba1\u5212<\/p>\n
select\n    employees.emp_no,\n    first_name,\n    last_name\nfrom\n    employees\n    inner join salaries using(emp_no)\nwhere\n    salary > 50000\ngroup by\n    employees.emp_no\n<\/pre>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a<\/p>\n
-> table scan on <temporary>  (cost=241946..245972 rows=321886)\n   \u2514\u2500> temporary table with deduplication  (cost=241946..241946 rows=321886)\n      \u2514\u2500> nested loop inner join  (cost=209757 rows=321886)\n         \u251c\u2500> filter: (salaries.salary > 50000)  (cost=97097 rows=321886)\n         \u2502  \u2514\u2500> index scan on salaries using salary  (cost=97097 rows=965756)\n         \u2514\u2500> single-row index lookup on employees using primary (emp_no=salaries.emp_no)  (cost=0.25 rows=1)\n<\/pre>\n
\u867d\u7136 group by \u6bd4 distinct \u7a0d\u5feb\uff0c\u4f46\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e00\u822c\u4e0e\u5185\u90e8\u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\u5668\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u7f13\u5b58\u7b49\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u80fd\u4e3a\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u5185\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e73\u5747\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/strong>721ms<\/p>\n
 \u4f7f\u7528\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2 <\/h2>\n
\u867d\u7136\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6548\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u200b\u200b\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u884c\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u67e5\u8be2\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u5de5\u8d44\u8d85\u8fc7 50,000 \u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u7f16\u53f7<\/p>\n
select\n    employees.emp_no,\n    first_name,\n    last_name\nfrom\n    employees\nwhere\n    emp_no in(\n        select\n            emp_no from salaries\n        where\n            salary > 50000)\n<\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\u95f4\u663e\u7740\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a<\/p>\n
-> nested loop inner join  (cost=89029 rows=33961)\n   \u251c\u2500> remove duplicates from input sorted on salary  (cost=5161 rows=33961)\n   \u2502  \u2514\u2500> filter: (salaries.salary > 50000)  (cost=5161 rows=33961)\n   \u2502     \u2514\u2500> index scan on salaries using salary  (cost=5161 rows=965756)\n   \u2514\u2500> single-row index lookup on employees using primary (emp_no=salaries.emp_no)  (cost=80472 rows=1)\n<\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u60a8\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u518d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e34\u65f6\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u503c\u66f4\u4f4e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5bfc\u81f4\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e73\u5747\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/strong> 234ms<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u663e\u7740\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 exists \u5b50\u53e5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bd4\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 in \u8bed\u53e5\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n
 \u4f7f\u7528\u5b58\u5728 <\/h2>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 exists \u65f6\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u4e00\u65e6\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u9879\u5c31\u4f1a\u63d0\u524d\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u627e\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u63d0\u524d\u7ec8\u6b62\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u67d0\u4e2a\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u8868\u4e2d\u6709\u591a\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u627e\u5230\u5339\u914d\u7684\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u68c0\u67e5\u8be5\u7279\u5b9a\u5458\u5de5\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4f1a\u505c\u6b62\u67e5\u627e\u8be5\u5458\u5de5\u5e76\u7ee7\u7eed\u5bfb\u627e\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5458\u5de5\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n
select\n    employees.emp_no,\n    first_name,\n    last_name\nfrom\n    employees\nwhere\n    exists (\n        select\n            1\n        from\n            salaries\n        where\n            salaries.emp_no = employees.emp_no\n            and salary > 50000)\n<\/pre>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 select 1<\/em> \u56e0\u4e3a exists \u53ea\u8fd4\u56de true \u6216 false\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u884c\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 select emp_no<\/em> \u6216 select *<\/em>\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd4\u56de\u5e38\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8be2\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff1a<\/p>\n
-> nested loop inner join  (cost=89029 rows=33961)\n   \u251c\u2500> remove duplicates from input sorted on salary  (cost=5161 rows=33961)\n   \u2502  \u2514\u2500> filter: (salaries.salary > 50000)  (cost=5161 rows=33961)\n   \u2502     \u2514\u2500> index scan on salaries using salary  (cost=5161 rows=965756)\n   \u2514\u2500> single-row index lookup on employees using primary (emp_no=salaries.emp_no)  (cost=80472 rows=1)\n<\/pre>\n
\u867d\u7136\u6b64\u67e5\u8be2\u8ba1\u5212\u4e0e\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u67e5\u8be2\u8ba1\u5212\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u63d0\u524d\u7ec8\u6b62\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5e73\u5747\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/strong>220ms<\/p>\n
 \u6982\u62ec <\/h2>\n
\u72ec\u7279\uff1a745ms
 \u5206\u7ec4\u4f9d\u636e\uff1a721ms
 \u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a234ms
 \u5b58\u5728\uff1a220ms<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u7740\u6539\u5584\u60a8\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136\u4ec5\u66f4\u6539\u67e5\u8be2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4fee\u590d\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4ed6\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u51b3\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6dfb\u52a0\u7d22\u5f15\u5e94\u8be5\u4fdd\u7559\u5728\u91cd\u5199\u67e5\u8be2\u65e0\u6cd5\u5e2e\u52a9\u67e5\u8be2\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u4eca\u5929\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u4f18\u5316 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5c31\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7591\u95ee\u6216\u8005\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u5b9d\u8d1d\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e0b\u591a\u591a\u56de\u590d\u4ea4\u6d41\uff1b\u6587\u4e2d\u82e5\u6709\u4e0d\u6b63\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u56de\u590d\u7559\u8a00\u4ee5\u544a\u77e5\uff01<\/p>\n
 \u7248\u672c\u58f0\u660e \u672c\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u4e8e\uff1adev.to \u5982\u6709\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u8bf7\u8054\u7cfb \u5220\u9664 <\/p>\n
\n
\n <\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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