{"id":199692,"date":"2025-05-06T09:08:05","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T01:08:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/199692\/"},"modified":"2025-05-06T09:08:05","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T01:08:05","slug":"%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8alter%e8%af%ad%e5%8f%a5%e5%9c%a8sql%e4%b8%ad%e4%bf%ae%e6%94%b9%e8%a1%a8%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/199692\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528ALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u5728SQL\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7ed3\u6784"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528ALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u5728SQL\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7ed3\u6784<\/h1>\n

\u5927\u5bb6\u597d\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u672c\u4eba\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6587\u4e2d\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u8bf7\u5404\u4f4d\u670b\u53cb\u7ee7\u7eed\u770b\u4e0b\u53bb\u5427~\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5e2e\u5230\u4f60\u4eec\uff0c\u8c22\u8c22\uff01<\/p>\n

SQL\u7684ALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u6cd5\u8be6\u89e3\u53ca\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\uff0cALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u7684SQL\u547d\u4ee4\u3002ALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u6216\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u7684\u5217\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u7b49\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001ALTER TABLE\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5
ALTER TABLE\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662fALTER TABLE\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a
ALTER TABLE table_name
{ADD|ALTER|DROP} column_name {data_type|constraint}
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0ctable_name\u8868\u793a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8868\u540d\uff1bADD\u3001ALTER\u548cDROP\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\uff1bcolumn_name\u662f\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5217\u540d\uff1bdata_type\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1bconstraint\u662f\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e3b\u952e\u3001\u5916\u952e\u3001\u975e\u7a7a\u7ea6\u675f\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u5217\u7684\u793a\u4f8b
\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3astudent\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86id\u3001name\u548cage\u4e09\u4e2a\u5217\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5217gender\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6027\u522b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ALTER TABLE\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
ALTER TABLE student
ADD gender VARCHAR(10);
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ALTER TABLE student\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8868\u540d\uff0cADD\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u5217\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cgender\u662f\u65b0\u5217\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0cVARCHAR(10)\u662f\u65b0\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u53ef\u53d8\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u578b\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a10\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u67d0\u4e2a\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fee\u6539\u5217\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a
ALTER TABLE student
ALTER COLUMN age INT;
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ALTER TABLE student\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8868\u540d\uff0cALTER\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u5217\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cage\u662f\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5217\u540d\u79f0\uff0cINT\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u5217\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u6574\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u5220\u9664\u5217\u7684\u793a\u4f8b
\u5f53\u67d0\u4e2a\u5217\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528ALTER TABLE\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u5220\u9664\u8be5\u5217\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5220\u9664\u5217\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a
ALTER TABLE student
DROP COLUMN age;
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ALTER TABLE student\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8868\u540d\uff0cDROP\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u5220\u9664\u5217\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cage\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5220\u9664\u7684\u5217\u540d\u79f0\u3002\u8be5\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u4ecestudent\u8868\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u5220\u9664age\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u793a\u4f8b
\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u662f\u5bf9\u8868\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e3b\u952e\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a
ALTER TABLE student
ADD CONSTRAINT pk_student_id PRIMARY KEY (id);
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ALTER TABLE student\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8868\u540d\uff0cADD\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cpk_student_id\u662f\u4e3b\u952e\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0cPRIMARY KEY\u8868\u793a\u6dfb\u52a0\u7684\u662f\u4e3b\u952e\u7ea6\u675f\uff0cid\u662f\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e3b\u952e\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5217\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u540d\u7684\u793a\u4f8b
\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u540d\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a
ALTER TABLE student
RENAME TO new_student;
\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ALTER TABLE student\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8868\u540d\uff0cRENAME TO\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u540d\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cnew_student\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u8868\u540d\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u539f\u6765\u7684\u8868student\u91cd\u547d\u540d\u4e3anew_student\u3002<\/p>\n

\u603b\u7ed3
\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86SQL\u7684ALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002 ALTER TABLE\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6dfb\u52a0\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u7684\u5217\u3001\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\u7b49\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u53d8\u66f4\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u638c\u63e1ALTER\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u8bfb\u8005\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5929\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u6df1\u5165\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u4e3b\u673a\u5b9d\u8d1d\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b~<\/p>\n

\n
\n <\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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