{"id":199638,"date":"2025-05-06T09:02:07","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T01:02:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/199638\/"},"modified":"2025-05-06T09:02:07","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T01:02:07","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90sql%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%9a%e4%b9%89%e4%b8%8e%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e9%a2%86%e5%9f%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/199638\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790SQL\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790SQL\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df<\/h1>\n

\u5b66\u4e60\u8981\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u8981\u6025\uff01\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u7b49\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\uff01\u6211\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u66f4\u65b0\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff01<\/p>\n

SQL\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u8be6\u89e3<\/p>\n

\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd SQL\uff08Structured Query Language\uff09\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd SQL \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8 SQL \u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u603b\u7ed3 SQL \u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u5c55\u671b\u672a\u6765\u8be5\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1aSQL \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f<\/p>\n

SQL\uff08Structured Query Language\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08RDBMS\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7531 IBM \u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08 Edgar F. Codd \u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002SQL \u57fa\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee3\u6570\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u6f14\u7b97\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

SQL\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bed\u8a00\uff08DDL\uff09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bed\u8a00\uff08DML\uff09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08DQL\uff09\u548c\u6570\u636e\u63a7\u5236\u8bed\u8a00\uff08DCL\uff09\u3002DDL \u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5220\u9664\u8868\u7b49\u3002DML \u7528\u4e8e\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002DQL \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u6570\u636e\u3002DCL \u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u6237\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6388\u6743\u548c\u64a4\u9500\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\uff1aSQL \u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n

SQL \u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u548c\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684 SQL \u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

CREATE TABLE students (\n    id INT PRIMARY KEY,\n    name VARCHAR(50),\n    age INT,\n    gender VARCHAR(10)\n);\n\nINSERT INTO students VALUES (1, 'John', 20, 'Male');\nINSERT INTO students VALUES (2, 'Alice', 22, 'Female');<\/pre>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0cSQL \u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u548c\u7b5b\u9009\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\u4e8e 20 \u5c81\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff1a<\/p>\n
SELECT * FROM students WHERE age > 20;<\/pre>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\uff1aSQL \u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n
SQL \u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u4e5f\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408 SQL \u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u5408\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u8ba1\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73ed\u7ea7\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6570\u91cf\u5e76\u6309\u964d\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
SELECT class, COUNT(*) AS student_count\nFROM students\nGROUP BY class\nORDER BY student_count DESC;<\/pre>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0cSQL \u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u636e\u5b66\u751f\u8868\u548c\u6210\u7ee9\u8868\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
SELECT students.name, scores.subject, scores.score\nFROM students\nINNER JOIN scores\nON students.id = scores.student_id;<\/pre>\n
\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\uff1aSQL \u5728\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n
SQL \u5728\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u4e5f\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u8d26\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684 SQL \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
START TRANSACTION;\n\nUPDATE accounts SET balance = balance - 100 WHERE id = 'A';\nUPDATE accounts SET balance = balance + 100 WHERE id = 'B';\n\nCOMMIT;<\/pre>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0cSQL \u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u4ef6\u8bed\u53e5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
UPDATE students\nSET grade = 'A'\nWHERE score >= 90;<\/pre>\n
\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\uff1aSQL \u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u9650\u5236<\/p>\n
SQL \u5177\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u9996\u9009\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u652f\u6301 SQL\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u66f4\u52a0\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0cSQL \u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0cSQL \u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 NoSQL \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0cSQL \u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u638c\u63e1\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u77e5\u8bc6\u624d\u80fd\u719f\u7ec3\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0cSQL \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u516d\u90e8\u5206\uff1aSQL \u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf<\/p>\n
\u968f\u7740\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\uff0cSQL \u5728\u672a\u6765\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u652f\u6301\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f SQL \u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u5177\u5907\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0cSQL \u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1aSQL \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u867d\u7136 SQL \u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0cSQL \u4ecd\u5c06\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u6570\u636e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. Silberschatz, A., Korth, H. F., & Sudarshan, S. (2010). Database System Concepts. McGraw-Hill Education.<\/li>\n
  2. SQL Tutorial. (n.d.). Retrieved from w3schools.com\/sql\/<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4eca\u5929\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790SQL\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5c31\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7591\u95ee\u6216\u8005\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u5b9d\u8d1d\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e0b\u591a\u591a\u56de\u590d\u4ea4\u6d41\uff1b\u6587\u4e2d\u82e5\u6709\u4e0d\u6b63\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u56de\u590d\u7559\u8a00\u4ee5\u544a\u77e5\uff01<\/p>\n
    \n
    \n <\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790SQL\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df ...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-199638","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199638","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=199638"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199638\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=199638"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=199638"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=199638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}