{"id":199637,"date":"2025-05-06T10:09:16","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T02:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/199637\/"},"modified":"2025-05-06T10:09:16","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T02:09:16","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e5%89%96%e6%9e%90sql%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e4%b9%89%e5%92%8c%e5%8a%9f%e8%83%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/199637\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790SQL\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u529f\u80fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/b> <\/p>\n

\u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790SQL\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u529f\u80fd<\/h1>\n

\u73cd\u60dc\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u52e4\u594b\u5b66\u4e60\uff01\u4eca\u5929\u7ed9\u5927\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\uff0c\u6b63\u6587\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5bf9\u6709\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u6211\uff01\u540e\u9762\u6211\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u66f4\u65b0\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u90fd\u80fd\u5e2e\u5230\u6b63\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5927\u5bb6\uff01<\/p>\n

\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790SQL\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u8a00
\u968f\u7740\u73b0\u4ee3\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u6001\u3002\u800c\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5f3a\u5927\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff08Structured Query Language\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0SQL\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790SQL\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001SQL\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u7279\u70b9
SQL\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u4e3aStructured Query Language\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0cSQL\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u58f0\u660e\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\uff1aSQL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u58f0\u660e\u5f0f\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u9700\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u5173\u6ce8\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u6570\u636e\u5e93\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bed\u8a00\uff1aSQL\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u5efa\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u4fee\u6539\u548c\u5220\u9664\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u9762\u5411\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff1aSQL\u4e3b\u8981\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08RDBMS\uff09\uff0c\u5982MySQL\u3001Oracle\u3001SQL Server\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u7b80\u5355\u6613\u5b66\uff1aSQL\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001SQL\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      \u6570\u636e\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08DDL\uff09\uff1aDDL\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u8868\uff08CREATE TABLE\uff09\u3001\u89c6\u56fe\uff08CREATE VIEW\uff09\u7b49\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u521b\u5efa\u8868\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n

      CREATE TABLE students (\n  id INT PRIMARY KEY,\n  name VARCHAR(50),\n  age INT,\n  gender CHAR(1)\n);<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\uff08DQL\uff09\uff1aDQL\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528SELECT\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684SELECT\u8bed\u53e5\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
      SELECT * FROM students WHERE age > 20;<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff08DML\uff09\uff1aDML\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5220\u9664\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d2\u5165\u6570\u636e\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
      INSERT INTO students (id, name, age, gender) VALUES (1, \"Tom\", 22, \"M\");<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n
      \u6570\u636e\u63a7\u5236\uff08DCL\uff09\uff1aDCL\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6388\u4e88\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u3001\u56de\u6536\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6388\u4e88\u6743\u9650\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
      GRANT SELECT ON students TO user1;<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
    5. \n
      \u4e8b\u52a1\u63a7\u5236\uff08TCL\uff09\uff1aTCL\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5df2\u7ecf\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n
      START TRANSACTION;\nUPDATE students SET age = 23 WHERE id = 1;\nCOMMIT;<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001SQL\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b
      \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u51e0\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684SQL\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u660eSQL\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201cemployees\u201d\u7684\u8868\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b57\u6bb5\uff1aid\u3001name\u3001age\u3001gender\u3001salary\u3002<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u6709\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u5de5\u8d44\uff1a<\/p>\n
        SELECT name, salary FROM employees;<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u67e5\u627e\u5de5\u8d44\u5927\u4e8e5000\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u5de5\u8d44\uff1a<\/p>\n
        SELECT name, salary FROM employees WHERE salary > 5000;<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        \u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7537\u6027\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u589e\u52a010%\uff1a<\/p>\n
        UPDATE employees SET salary = salary * 1.1 WHERE gender = 'M';<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
      4. \n
        \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5458\u5de5\uff1a<\/p>\n
        INSERT INTO employees (id, name, age, gender, salary) VALUES (1001, 'Alice', 30, 'F', 7000);<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n
      5. \n
        \u5220\u9664\u5e74\u9f84\u5927\u4e8e60\u7684\u5458\u5de5\uff1a<\/p>\n
        DELETE FROM employees WHERE age > 60;<\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u7ed3\u8bba
        SQL\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u5b66\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528SQL\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u6790\u4e86SQL\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e0e\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528SQL\u3002<\/p>\n
        \u4eca\u5929\u5e26\u5927\u5bb6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4f60\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6280\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u6df1\u5165\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u5927\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u4e3b\u673a\u5b9d\u8d1d\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u5b66\u4e60\u7f16\u7a0b~<\/p>\n
        \n
        \n <\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
        \u6df1\u5165\u5256\u6790SQL\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u529f\u80fd \u73cd\u60dc...<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-199637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199637","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=199637"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199637\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=199637"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=199637"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=199637"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}