{"id":199636,"date":"2025-05-06T10:20:02","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T02:20:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/199636\/"},"modified":"2025-05-06T10:20:02","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T02:20:02","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%85%a5%e6%8e%a2%e7%a9%b6sql%e8%a7%a3%e6%9e%90%e7%9a%84%e5%90%ab%e4%b9%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/199636\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76SQL\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u542b\u4e49"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b><\/b> <\/p>\n<h1>\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76SQL\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u542b\u4e49<\/h1>\n<\/p>\n<p>SQL\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u63a2\u7a76\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u8a00:<br \/>SQL\uff08Structured Query Language\uff09\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bed\u8a00\uff0cSQL\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u662f\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8SQL\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>SQL\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u610f\u4e49<br \/>SQL\u89e3\u6790\u662f\u5c06SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u6574\u4e2aSQL\u5f15\u64ce\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>1.1 \u8bed\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1aSQL\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408SQL\u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u9636\u6bb5\u5c31\u53ca\u65f6\u53d1\u73b0\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.2 \u67e5\u8be2\u4f18\u5316\uff1aSQL\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u8d1f\u8d23\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f18\u5316\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7d22\u5f15\u60c5\u51b5\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u5212\u6765\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1.3 \u5b89\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1aSQL\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4e5f\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u5b89\u5168\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u6076\u610f\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u88ab\u975e\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>SQL\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<br \/>SQL\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2.1 \u8bcd\u6cd5\u5206\u6790<br \/>\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5206\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5355\u5143\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u5c06SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3001\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u3001\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7b49\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bcd\u6cd5\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>SELECT name, age FROM student WHERE age &gt; 18;<\/pre>\n<p>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u540e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u8bcd\u6cd5\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>[SELECT, name, ,, age, FROM, student, WHERE, age, &gt;, 18, ;]<\/pre>\n<p>2.2 \u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790<br \/>\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u662f\u5c06\u8bcd\u6cd5\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u62bd\u8c61\u8bed\u6cd5\u6811\uff08AST\uff09\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u4f1a\u6839\u636e SQL \u8bed\u6cd5\u89c4\u8303\u9010\u4e2a\u89e3\u6790\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6cd5\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u6811\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>SELECT name, age FROM student WHERE age &gt; 18;<\/pre>\n<p>\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u540e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u8bed\u6cd5\u6811\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre>          SELECT\n         \/      \n       name     age\n         |\n       student\n         |\n       WHERE\n         |\n         &gt;\n        \/ \n     age  18<\/pre>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b<br \/>\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684SQL\u89e3\u6790\u5668\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre>import sqlparse\n\nsql_statement = \"SELECT name, age FROM student WHERE age &gt; 18;\"\nparsed = sqlparse.parse(sql_statement)[0]\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6\u89e3\u6790\u540e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6cd5\u7b26\u53f7\nfor token in parsed.tokens:\n    print(token)\n\n# \u83b7\u53d6AST\u6811\ntree = parsed.to_tree()\n\n# \u904d\u5386AST\u6811\ndef traverse_tree(node):\n    if isinstance(node, sqlparse.sql.Identifier):\n        print(\"Identifier: \", node.get_real_name())\n    elif isinstance(node, sqlparse.sql.Token):\n        print(\"Token: \", node.value)\n    else:\n        for child in node.tokens:\n            traverse_tree(child)\n\ntraverse_tree(tree)<\/pre>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u8bcd\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bba:<br \/>SQL\u89e3\u6790\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3SQL\u89e3\u6790\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u5b9e\u9645\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u5173\u4e8e\u300a\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76SQL\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u300b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5c31\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7591\u95ee\u6216\u8005\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e3b\u673a\u5b9d\u8d1d\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u4e0b\u591a\u591a\u56de\u590d\u4ea4\u6d41\uff1b\u6587\u4e2d\u82e5\u6709\u4e0d\u6b63\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u56de\u590d\u7559\u8a00\u4ee5\u544a\u77e5\uff01<\/p>\n<dl>\n<dt>\n <\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76SQL\u89e3\u6790\u7684\u542b\u4e49 SQL&#46;&#46;&#46;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-199636","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199636","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=199636"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/199636\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=199636"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=199636"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=199636"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}