{"id":193607,"date":"2024-11-12T23:36:19","date_gmt":"2024-11-12T15:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/193607\/"},"modified":"2024-11-12T23:36:20","modified_gmt":"2024-11-12T15:36:20","slug":"%e5%b0%8b%e8%a6%93%e5%89%8dk%e5%a4%a7%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%ef%bc%9a%e6%95%b8%e7%b5%84%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%e5%ba%ab%e6%8e%92%e5%90%8d-%e6%89%be%e5%87%ba%e6%95%b8%e7%b5%84%e4%b8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/193607\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5c0b\u8993\u524dk\u5927\u6578\u64da\uff1a\u6578\u7d44\u4e2d\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u6392\u540d (\u627e\u51fa\u6578\u7d44\u4e2d\u524dk\u5927\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5eab)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"%e5%b0%8b%e8%a6%93%e5%89%8dk%e5%a4%a7%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%ef%bc%9a%e6%95%b8%e7%b5%84%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%e5%ba%ab%e6%8e%92%e5%90%8d-hvtutWBKdf\">\u5c0b\u8993\u524dk\u5927\u6578\u64da\uff1a\u6578\u7d44\u4e2d\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u6392\u540d<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728\u7576\u4eca\u6578\u64da\u9a45\u52d5\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8655\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5927\u91cf\u6578\u64da\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u4f01\u696d\u548c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6311\u6230\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u7d44\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u524dk\u5927\u7684\u6578\u64da\u6642\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u5408\u9069\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u6578\u64da\u7d50\u69cb\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6578\u7d44\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u524dk\u5927\u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u4e26\u4ecb\u7d39\u5e7e\u7a2e\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e5%95%8f%e9%a1%8c%e5%ae%9a%e7%be%a9-hvtutWBKdf\">\u554f\u984c\u5b9a\u7fa9<\/h2>\n<p>\u7d66\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6578\u6578\u7d44\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u6578k\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u6578\u7d44\u4e2d\u524dk\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u61c9\u7528\u4e2d\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u898b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u6578\u64da\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u67e5\u8a62\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e8%a7%a3%e6%b1%ba%e6%96%b9%e6%a1%88%e6%a6%82%e8%bf%b0-hvtutWBKdf\">\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n<p>\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5e7e\u7a2e\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6392\u5e8f\u6cd5<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6700\u5c0f\u5806\u6cd5<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5feb\u901f\u9078\u64c7\u7b97\u6cd5<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"1-%e6%8e%92%e5%ba%8f%e6%b3%95-hvtutWBKdf\">1. \u6392\u5e8f\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c07\u6578\u7d44\u9032\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u9078\u64c7\u524dk\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u70baO(n log n)\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u662fO(n log n)\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>def top_k_elements(arr, k):\n    # \u5c07\u6578\u7d44\u6392\u5e8f\n    sorted_arr = sorted(arr, reverse=True)\n    # \u8fd4\u56de\u524dk\u500b\u5143\u7d20\n    return sorted_arr[:k]\n\n# \u793a\u4f8b\narr = [3, 1, 5, 12, 2, 11]\nk = 3\nprint(top_k_elements(arr, k))  # \u8f38\u51fa: [12, 11, 5]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"2-%e6%9c%80%e5%b0%8f%e5%a0%86%e6%b3%95-hvtutWBKdf\">2. \u6700\u5c0f\u5806\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u5806\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u627e\u51fa\u524dk\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u70baO(n log k)\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u7dad\u8b77\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u5c0f\u70bak\u7684\u5806\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>import heapq\n\ndef top_k_elements(arr, k):\n    # \u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u5806\n    min_heap = []\n    for num in arr:\n        # \u5c07\u5143\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u5806\u4e2d\n        heapq.heappush(min_heap, num)\n        # \u5982\u679c\u5806\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8d85\u904ek\uff0c\u5247\u5f48\u51fa\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\n        if len(min_heap) &gt; k:\n            heapq.heappop(min_heap)\n    return min_heap\n\n# \u793a\u4f8b\narr = [3, 1, 5, 12, 2, 11]\nk = 3\nprint(top_k_elements(arr, k))  # \u8f38\u51fa: [5, 12, 11]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h3 id=\"3-%e5%bf%ab%e9%80%9f%e9%81%b8%e6%93%87%e7%ae%97%e6%b3%95-hvtutWBKdf\">3. \u5feb\u901f\u9078\u64c7\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<p>\u5feb\u901f\u9078\u64c7\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u5e73\u5747O(n)\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5167\u627e\u5230\u7b2ck\u5927\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\u76f8\u5c0d\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8655\u7406\u5927\u6578\u64da\u6642\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>import random\n\ndef quick_select(arr, k):\n    if len(arr) == 1:\n        return arr[0]\n    \n    pivot = random.choice(arr)\n    lows = [x for x in arr if x &gt; pivot]\n    highs = [x for x in arr if x &lt; pivot]\n    \n    if k  len(arr) - len(highs):\n        return quick_select(highs, k - (len(arr) - len(highs)))\n    else:\n        return pivot\n\ndef top_k_elements(arr, k):\n    return [quick_select(arr, i) for i in range(1, k + 1)]\n\n# \u793a\u4f8b\narr = [3, 1, 5, 12, 2, 11]\nk = 3\nprint(top_k_elements(arr, k))  # \u8f38\u51fa: [12, 11, 5]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-hvtutWBKdf\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u6578\u7d44\u4e2d\u7684\u524dk\u5927\u6578\u64da\u6642\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u5408\u9069\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u6392\u5e8f\u6cd5\u7c21\u55ae\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8655\u7406\u5927\u6578\u64da\u6642\u6548\u7387\u8f03\u4f4e\uff1b\u6700\u5c0f\u5806\u6cd5\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u9078\u64c7\u7b97\u6cd5\u5247\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5177\u9ad4\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u6578\u64da\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u6700\u9069\u5408\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f86\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">VPS<\/a> \u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u60a8\u7684\u6578\u64da\u8655\u7406\u9700\u6c42\uff0cServer.HK \u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u60a8\u8f15\u9b06\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6578\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a2\u7d22\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6578\u7d44\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u524dk\u5927\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u6392\u540d\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u6578\u64da\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-193607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=193607"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193607\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":193608,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/193607\/revisions\/193608"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=193607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=193607"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=193607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}