{"id":183172,"date":"2024-11-10T02:36:19","date_gmt":"2024-11-09T18:36:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/183172\/"},"modified":"2024-11-10T02:36:20","modified_gmt":"2024-11-09T18:36:20","slug":"%e5%af%a6%e7%8f%beweb%e6%87%89%e7%94%a8%e5%a4%9a%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%e5%ba%ab%e5%85%bc%e5%ae%b9%e7%9a%84%e9%97%9c%e9%8d%b5%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95-web%e6%87%89%e7%94%a8%e5%85%bc%e5%ae%b9%e5%a4%9a%e7%a8%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/183172\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5be6\u73feweb\u61c9\u7528\u591a\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u65b9\u6cd5 (web\u61c9\u7528\u517c\u5bb9\u591a\u7a2e\u6578\u64da\u5eab)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"%e5%af%a6%e7%8f%beweb%e6%87%89%e7%94%a8%e5%a4%9a%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%e5%ba%ab%e5%85%bc%e5%ae%b9%e7%9a%84%e9%97%9c%e9%8d%b5%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95-NVPLBcKGea\">\u5be6\u73feWeb\u61c9\u7528\u591a\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u6578\u64da\u9a45\u52d5\u6642\u4ee3\uff0cWeb\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u5920\u9748\u6d3b\u5730\u8207\u591a\u7a2e\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u589e\u5f37\u5176\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u5be6\u73feWeb\u61c9\u7528\u591a\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u958b\u767c\u8005\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u5be6\u65bd\u968e\u6bb5\u8003\u616e\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"1-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e6%8a%bd%e8%b1%a1%e5%b1%a4-NVPLBcKGea\">1. \u4f7f\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u5c64<\/h2>\n<p>\u62bd\u8c61\u5c64\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a2d\u8a08\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5c07\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u64cd\u4f5c\u8207\u61c9\u7528\u908f\u8f2f\u5206\u96e2\u3002\u901a\u904e\u5275\u5efa\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u64da\u8a2a\u554f\u5c64\uff08Data Access Layer, DAL\uff09\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u6539\u8b8a\u61c9\u7528\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f15\u9b06\u5730\u5207\u63db\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u597d\u8655\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u7576\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5be6\u73fe\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u6578\u64da\u8a2a\u554f\u63a5\u53e3\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>class Database {\n    public function connect() {\n        \/\/ \u9023\u63a5\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\n    }\n}\n\nclass MySQLDatabase extends Database {\n    public function connect() {\n        \/\/ MySQL\u7684\u9023\u63a5\u908f\u8f2f\n    }\n}\n\nclass PostgreSQLDatabase extends Database {\n    public function connect() {\n        \/\/ PostgreSQL\u7684\u9023\u63a5\u908f\u8f2f\n    }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"2-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8orm%ef%bc%88%e5%b0%8d%e8%b1%a1%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82%e6%98%a0%e5%b0%84%ef%bc%89-NVPLBcKGea\">2. \u4f7f\u7528ORM\uff08\u5c0d\u8c61\u95dc\u4fc2\u6620\u5c04\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u5c0d\u8c61\u95dc\u4fc2\u6620\u5c04\uff08ORM\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c07\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u8868\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5c0d\u8c61\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3002\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u6846\u67b6\uff08\u5982Hibernate\u3001Entity Framework\u6216Django ORM\uff09\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u4e4b\u9593\u9032\u884c\u7121\u7e2b\u5207\u63db\u3002ORM\u6846\u67b6\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7d71\u4e00\u7684API\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u958b\u767c\u8005\u4e0d\u5fc5\u95dc\u5fc3\u5e95\u5c64\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u5be6\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>from sqlalchemy import create_engine\nfrom sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker\n\n# \u5275\u5efa\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u5f15\u64ce\nengine = create_engine('mysql:\/\/user:password@localhost\/dbname')\nSession = sessionmaker(bind=engine)\nsession = Session()\n\n# \u67e5\u8a62\u6578\u64da\nresults = session.query(User).filter_by(name='John').all()\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"3-%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e6%a8%99%e6%ba%96%e5%8c%96%e7%9a%84%e6%9f%a5%e8%a9%a2%e8%aa%9e%e8%a8%80-NVPLBcKGea\">3. \u4f7f\u7528\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u7684\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>\u70ba\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8Web\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u76e1\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u7684\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u5982SQL\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u7cfb\u7d71\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u9075\u5faaSQL\u6a19\u6e96\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528ORM\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u958b\u767c\u8005\u81ea\u52d5\u751f\u6210\u6a19\u6e96SQL\u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"4-%e6%b8%ac%e8%a9%a6%e5%92%8c%e9%a9%97%e8%ad%89-NVPLBcKGea\">4. \u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u9a57\u8b49<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u958b\u767c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u591a\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u7684\u652f\u6301\u9032\u884c\u5145\u5206\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u662f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u958b\u767c\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u8a2d\u8a08\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6e2c\u8a66\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u80fd\u53ca\u65e9\u767c\u73fe\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<pre><code>def test_database_connection(db):\n    assert db.connect() is not None\n\n# \u6e2c\u8a66MySQL\u6578\u64da\u5eab\ntest_database_connection(MySQLDatabase())\n\n# \u6e2c\u8a66PostgreSQL\u6578\u64da\u5eab\ntest_database_connection(PostgreSQLDatabase())\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"5-%e8%80%83%e6%85%ae%e6%95%b8%e6%93%9a%e5%ba%ab%e7%89%b9%e6%80%a7-NVPLBcKGea\">5. 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id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-NVPLBcKGea\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>\u5be6\u73feWeb\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u591a\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u904e\u4f7f\u7528\u62bd\u8c61\u5c64\u3001ORM\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u5316\u67e5\u8a62\u8a9e\u8a00\u3001\u5145\u5206\u6e2c\u8a66\u4ee5\u53ca\u8003\u616e\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e00\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9019\u4e0d\u50c5\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u9084\u80fd\u70ba\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\u6253\u4e0b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">VPS<\/a> \u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u60a8\u7684Web\u61c9\u7528\uff0cServer.HK\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u63a2\u7d22\u5be6\u73feWeb\u61c9\u7528\u517c\u5bb9\u591a\u7a2e\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7cfb\u7d71\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u8207\u64f4\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=183172"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":183173,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/183172\/revisions\/183173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=183172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=183172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=183172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}