{"id":152691,"date":"2024-11-02T01:13:21","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T17:13:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/152691\/"},"modified":"2024-11-02T01:13:22","modified_gmt":"2024-11-01T17:13:22","slug":"%e6%8b%86%e8%a7%a3-mysql-%e7%9a%84%e9%ab%98%e9%9a%8e%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e8%88%87%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/152691\/","title":{"rendered":"\u62c6\u89e3 MySQL \u7684\u9ad8\u968e\u4f7f\u7528\u8207\u6982\u5ff5"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u62c6\u89e3 MySQL \u7684\u9ad8\u968e\u4f7f\u7528\u8207\u6982\u5ff5<\/h1>\n

MySQL \u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u958b\u6e90\u95dc\u806f\u5f0f\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u7db2\u7ad9\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u6578\u64da\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u5c0d MySQL \u7684\u9ad8\u968e\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u8b8a\u5f97\u6108\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e MySQL \u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u968e\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u67e5\u8a62\u512a\u5316\u3001\u4e8b\u52d9\u8655\u7406\u53ca\u8907\u88fd\u7b49\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u8b80\u8005\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u638c\u63e1 MySQL \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n

\u7d22\u5f15\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u8a62\u6548\u7387\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002MySQL \u652f\u63f4\u591a\u7a2e\u7d22\u5f15\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec B-tree \u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7d22\u5f15\u53ef\u4ee5\u986f\u8457\u6e1b\u5c11\u67e5\u8a62\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u8655\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6578\u64da\u6642\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15<\/h3>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b SQL \u8a9e\u53e5\u4f86\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a<\/p>\n

CREATE INDEX idx_column_name ON table_name (column_name);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u5728\u540d\u70ba `users` \u7684\u8868\u4e2d\u70ba `email` \u6b04\u4f4d\u5efa\u7acb\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n
CREATE INDEX idx_email ON users (email);<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u7d22\u5f15\u7684\u9078\u64c7<\/h3>\n
\u9078\u64c7\u5408\u9069\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u985e\u578b\u5c0d\u65bc\u6027\u80fd\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002B-tree \u7d22\u5f15\u9069\u5408\u7bc4\u570d\u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u800c\u54c8\u5e0c\u7d22\u5f15\u5247\u9069\u5408\u7cbe\u78ba\u67e5\u8a62\u3002\u5168\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\u5247\u7528\u65bc\u6587\u672c\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u63d0\u9ad8\u5c0d\u5927\u6587\u672c\u5b57\u6bb5\u7684\u67e5\u8a62\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u8a62\u512a\u5316<\/h2>\n
\u67e5\u8a62\u512a\u5316\u662f\u63d0\u5347 MySQL \u6548\u80fd\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 EXPLAIN \u8a9e\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u67e5\u8a62\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u958b\u767c\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u67e5\u8a62\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9838\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 EXPLAIN<\/h3>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 EXPLAIN \u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = 'example@example.com';<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u9019\u5c07\u986f\u793a MySQL \u5982\u4f55\u57f7\u884c\u8a72\u67e5\u8a62\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7d22\u5f15\u548c\u9810\u8a08\u7684\u884c\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8b\u52d9\u8655\u7406<\/h2>\n
MySQL \u652f\u63f4\u4e8b\u52d9\u8655\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u9700\u8981\u78ba\u4fdd\u6578\u64da\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4e8b\u52d9\u662f\u4e00\u7d44\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8981\u9ebc\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u6557\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e8b\u52d9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e8b\u52d9\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n
START TRANSACTION;\n-- \u57f7\u884c SQL \u64cd\u4f5c\nCOMMIT; -- \u63d0\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52d9\nROLLBACK; -- \u56de\u6efe\u4e8b\u52d9<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5\u8981\u5728 `orders` \u8868\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u7b46\u65b0\u8a02\u55ae\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u4fdd\u5eab\u5b58\u76f8\u61c9\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9019\u6a23\u505a\uff1a<\/p>\n
START TRANSACTION;\nINSERT INTO orders (user_id, product_id) VALUES (1, 2);\nUPDATE products SET stock = stock - 1 WHERE id = 2;\nCOMMIT;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8907\u88fd\u8207\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027<\/h2>\n
MySQL \u7684\u8907\u88fd\u529f\u80fd\u5141\u8a31\u5c07\u6578\u64da\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u8907\u88fd\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u73fe\u9ad8\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u548c\u8ca0\u8f09\u5747\u8861\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002MySQL \u652f\u63f4\u4e3b\u5f9e\u8907\u88fd\u548c\u591a\u4e3b\u8907\u88fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e3b\u5f9e\u8907\u88fd<\/h3>\n
\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e3b\u5f9e\u8907\u88fd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9a5f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u5728\u4e3b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\u555f\u7528\u4e8c\u9032\u5236\u65e5\u8a8c\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u5728\u5f9e\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e3b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u9023\u63a5\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u555f\u52d5\u5f9e\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u7684\u8907\u88fd\u9032\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u5177\u9ad4\u7684 SQL \u8a9e\u53e5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    -- \u5728\u4e3b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\nSHOW MASTER STATUS;\n\n-- \u5728\u5f9e\u4f3a\u670d\u5668\u4e0a\nCHANGE MASTER TO\n    MASTER_HOST='\u4e3b\u4f3a\u670d\u5668IP',\n    MASTER_USER='\u8907\u88fd\u7528\u6236',\n    MASTER_PASSWORD='\u5bc6\u78bc',\n    MASTER_LOG_FILE='\u8a18\u9304\u6a94\u540d',\n    MASTER_LOG_POS=\u8a18\u9304\u4f4d\u7f6e;\n\nSTART SLAVE;<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n
    MySQL \u7684\u9ad8\u968e\u4f7f\u7528\u8207\u6982\u5ff5\u6db5\u84cb\u4e86\u7d22\u5f15\u3001\u67e5\u8a62\u512a\u5316\u3001\u4e8b\u52d9\u8655\u7406\u53ca\u8907\u88fd\u7b49\u591a\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u900f\u904e\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u8005\u80fd\u5920\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u512a\u5316\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u82e5\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6216\u5c0b\u627e\u5408\u9069\u7684 \u9999\u6e2fVPS<\/a> \u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8acb\u8a2a\u554f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\u4ee5\u7372\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e MySQL \u7684\u9ad8\u968e\u4f7f\u7528\u6280\u5de7\u8207\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7ba1\u7406\u8207\u67e5\u8a62\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u52a9\u4f60\u6210\u70ba MySQL \u5c08\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-152691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152691","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=152691"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152691\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":152692,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/152691\/revisions\/152692"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=152691"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=152691"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=152691"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}