{"id":141056,"date":"2024-10-31T21:18:55","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T13:18:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/141056\/"},"modified":"2024-10-31T21:18:56","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T13:18:56","slug":"sql-server-%e7%b4%84%e6%9d%9f%e5%92%8c%e8%a7%b8%e7%99%bc%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e5%8d%80%e5%88%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/141056\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL Server \u7d04\u675f\u548c\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u7684\u5340\u5225"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"sql-server-%e7%b4%84%e6%9d%9f%e5%92%8c%e8%a7%b8%e7%99%bc%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e5%8d%80%e5%88%a5-pULKoSzbxK\">SQL Server \u7d04\u675f\u548c\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u7684\u5340\u5225<\/h1>\n<p>\u5728 SQL Server \u4e2d\uff0c\u7d04\u675f\uff08Constraints\uff09\u548c\u89f8\u767c\u5668\uff08Triggers\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u78ba\u4fdd\u6578\u64da\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u537b\u6709\u986f\u8457\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u9019\u5169\u8005\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5834\u666f\u53ca\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u5340\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b4%84%e6%9d%9f%ef%bc%88constraints%ef%bc%89-pULKoSzbxK\">\u7d04\u675f\uff08Constraints\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u7d04\u675f\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u9650\u5236\u8868\u4e2d\u6578\u64da\u7684\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u6578\u64da\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002SQL Server \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u7a2e\u7d04\u675f\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4e3b\u9375\u7d04\u675f\uff08PRIMARY KEY\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u78ba\u4fdd\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u90fd\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u7a7a\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5916\u9375\u7d04\u675f\uff08FOREIGN KEY\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u65bc\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u5f37\u5236\u57f7\u884c\u5169\u500b\u8868\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u552f\u4e00\u7d04\u675f\uff08UNIQUE\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u78ba\u4fdd\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u6216\u591a\u5217\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5728\u8868\u4e2d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5141\u8a31\u7a7a\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6aa2\u67e5\u7d04\u675f\uff08CHECK\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u65bc\u9650\u5236\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6578\u64da\u7bc4\u570d\u6216\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u5e74\u9f61\u5217\u7684\u503c\u5fc5\u9808\u5927\u65bc\u96f6\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9ed8\u8a8d\u7d04\u675f\uff08DEFAULT\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u70ba\u5217\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u500b\u9ed8\u8a8d\u503c\uff0c\u7576\u63d2\u5165\u6578\u64da\u6642\u672a\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a72\u5217\u7684\u503c\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u9ed8\u8a8d\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5275\u5efa\u8868\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u7d04\u675f\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>CREATE TABLE Employees (\n    EmployeeID INT PRIMARY KEY,\n    Name NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,\n    Age INT CHECK (Age &gt; 0),\n    DepartmentID INT,\n    FOREIGN KEY (DepartmentID) REFERENCES Departments(DepartmentID)\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"%e8%a7%b8%e7%99%bc%e5%99%a8%ef%bc%88triggers%ef%bc%89-pULKoSzbxK\">\u89f8\u767c\u5668\uff08Triggers\uff09<\/h2>\n<p>\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b58\u5132\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u6703\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u6642\u81ea\u52d5\u57f7\u884c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5c0d\u8868\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u6216\u522a\u9664\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u696d\u52d9\u908f\u8f2f\u6216\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u67d0\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8a18\u9304\u8b8a\u66f4\u6216\u9a57\u8b49\u6578\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u985e\u578b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u884c\u7d1a\u89f8\u767c\u5668\uff08Row-level Triggers\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5c0d\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u9032\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6642\u89f8\u767c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u8a9e\u53e5\u7d1a\u89f8\u767c\u5668\uff08Statement-level Triggers\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5c0d\u6574\u500b\u8868\u9032\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6642\u89f8\u767c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5275\u5efa\u4e00\u500b\u89f8\u767c\u5668\uff0c\u7576\u54e1\u5de5\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6578\u64da\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\u6642\uff0c\u81ea\u52d5\u8a18\u9304\u5230\u65e5\u8a8c\u8868\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code>CREATE TRIGGER trgAfterInsert\nON Employees\nAFTER INSERT\nAS\nBEGIN\n    INSERT INTO AuditLog (Action, EmployeeID, ActionDate)\n    SELECT 'INSERT', EmployeeID, GETDATE()\n    FROM inserted;\nEND;<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b4%84%e6%9d%9f%e8%88%87%e8%a7%b8%e7%99%bc%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%bb%e8%a6%81%e5%8d%80%e5%88%a5-pULKoSzbxK\">\u7d04\u675f\u8207\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5340\u5225<\/h2>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u7d04\u675f\u548c\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u90fd\u7528\u65bc\u7dad\u8b77\u6578\u64da\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5834\u666f\u4e0a\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5e7e\u9ede\u4e3b\u8981\u5340\u5225\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u57f7\u884c\u6642\u6a5f<\/strong>\uff1a\u7d04\u675f\u5728\u6578\u64da\u63d2\u5165\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u6642\u81ea\u52d5\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u800c\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u5247\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u767c\u751f\u5f8c\u57f7\u884c\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u7d04\u675f\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u65bc\u9650\u5236\u6578\u64da\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f7\u884c\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u5982\u81ea\u52d5\u8a18\u9304\u6216\u6578\u64da\u9a57\u8b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6027\u80fd\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong>\uff1a\u904e\u591a\u7684\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u6578\u64da\u64cd\u4f5c\u6642\u90fd\u6703\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u7d04\u675f\u5247\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f15\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u8b80\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u7d04\u675f\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u6613\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7dad\u8b77\uff0c\u800c\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u4f7f\u6578\u64da\u6d41\u8b8a\u5f97\u8907\u96dc\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"%e7%b8%bd%e7%b5%90-pULKoSzbxK\">\u7e3d\u7d50<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728 SQL Server \u4e2d\uff0c\u7d04\u675f\u548c\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u90fd\u662f\u78ba\u4fdd\u6578\u64da\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7d04\u675f\u7528\u65bc\u9650\u5236\u6578\u64da\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u5247\u7528\u65bc\u81ea\u52d5\u57f7\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u5169\u8005\u7684\u5340\u5225\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5834\u666f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u958b\u767c\u8005\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u6b63\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u9ad8\u6548\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u9999\u6e2fVPS<\/a> \u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0cServer.HK \u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u7a2e\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u6eff\u8db3\u60a8\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u6578\u64da\u5eab\u7ba1\u7406\u9084\u662f\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90e8\u7f72\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684 <a href=\"https:\/\/server.hk\">\u4f3a\u670d\u5668<\/a> \u90fd\u80fd\u70ba\u60a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e86\u89e3SQL Server\u4e2d\u7d04\u675f\u548c\u89f8\u767c\u5668\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u6578\u64da\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-141056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-database"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=141056"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":141057,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/141056\/revisions\/141057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=141056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=141056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/server.hk\/cnblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=141056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}