HTML&CSS · December 20, 2023

Css Basic: animation-fill-mode

CSS Basics: animation-fill-mode

In the world of web development, CSS animations have become an essential tool for creating engaging and interactive user experiences. With CSS animations, you can bring your website to life by adding movement and transitions to various elements. One important property that can enhance the behavior of CSS animations is animation-fill-mode.

What is animation-fill-mode?

The animation-fill-mode property determines how an element should be styled before and after the animation is executed. By default, when an animation is not actively running, the element reverts to its original state. However, with animation-fill-mode, you can control whether the element retains the styles applied during the animation or reverts to its initial state.

The animation-fill-mode property accepts four different values:

  • none: This is the default value. The element reverts to its initial state when the animation is not running.
  • forwards: The element retains the styles applied during the last keyframe of the animation when the animation is not running.
  • backwards: The element applies the styles from the first keyframe of the animation even before the animation starts.
  • both: The element applies both the styles from the first keyframe before the animation starts and the styles from the last keyframe after the animation ends.

How to use animation-fill-mode

To use the animation-fill-mode property, you need to define it within the CSS rule that specifies the animation. Here's an example:

@keyframes slide-in {
  0% {
    transform: translateX(-100%);
  }
  100% {
    transform: translateX(0);
  }
}

.element {
  animation-name: slide-in;
  animation-duration: 1s;
  animation-fill-mode: forwards;
}

In the example above, the slide-in animation slides an element from left to right. By setting animation-fill-mode to forwards, the element retains the styles applied during the last keyframe (in this case, the transform: translateX(0);) even after the animation ends.

Benefits of animation-fill-mode

The animation-fill-mode property offers several benefits:

  • Consistent state: By using animation-fill-mode, you can ensure that elements maintain a consistent state even when the animation is not running. This can be particularly useful when animating elements that need to stay in a specific position or have a certain appearance.
  • Seamless transitions: With animation-fill-mode, you can create smooth transitions between different animations or between an animation and the element's default state. This can enhance the overall user experience and make your website feel more polished.
  • Improved usability: By retaining the styles applied during the animation, you can make interactive elements more usable. For example, if you have a button that changes color when hovered over, using animation-fill-mode: forwards; ensures that the button remains in its hovered state until the animation starts again.

Conclusion

The animation-fill-mode property is a powerful tool for controlling the behavior of CSS animations. By choosing the appropriate value for animation-fill-mode, you can ensure that elements maintain their styles before and after the animation, creating a more engaging and seamless user experience.

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